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The Protestant Reformation Introduction The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the development of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe. Causes of the Reformation Many bishops and abbots (especially in countries where they were also territorial princes) bore themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church. Many members of cathedral chapters and other beneficed ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to increase it, especially by uniting several prebends (even episcopal sees) in the hands of one person, who thus enjoyed a larger income and greater power. Luxury prevailed widely among the higher clergy, while the lower clergy were often oppressed. The scientific and ascetic training of the clergy left much to be desired, the moral standard of many being very low, and the practice of celibacy not everywhere observed. Not less serious was the condition of many monasteries of men, and even of women (which were often homes for the unmarried daughte... ... middle of paper ... ...s did not have to be run by a religious leader or Monarchist and that a person’s life did not have to be centered on religion or the afterlife. If it were not for the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, the world we live in now would be a much different place. The Protestant Reformation was a major building block of history, and some would say our country. Bibliography: Works Cited Birch, David. Early Reformation English Polemics. Austria: University of Salzburg, 1983. Dickens, A.G. The English Reformation. London: BT Batsford Ltd, 1989. Rex, Richard. Henry VIII and the English Reformation. London: Macmillan Education Ltd, 1993. Scarisbrick, J.J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, 1984. Tyacke, Nicholas. England’s Long Reformation 1500-1600. London: UCL Press, 1998.
In these Thesis’ Luther basically criticized the church’s wrongful practices and exposed the church’s corruption in order to bring about change in the church. Luther is quoted in Document 3 from his 95 thesis’ “Christian’s should be taught that he who gives to a poor man, or lends to a needy man, does better if he bought pardons.” Luther believed that actions, such as helping others did way more toward saving a person’s soul than buying a pardon did. He saw through the idea that one could by their way into heaven. He brought about new ideas such as God’s grace is the only way into heaven, not buying indulgences, or simply participating in church activities. His ideas eventually spread out all over Europe and his followers formed a group calling themselves Lutherans. This eventually became a protestant denomination, where Luther preached ideas, and his version of christianity. Also other reformist such as John Calvin had their own ideas, like predestination, and that everyone was full of sin until they were saved by christ. “We must resist the lust of the flesh, which, unless kept in order, overflows without measure.” (Document 6) Calvin believed that everyone was filled with this sinful “lust” that could not be kept in order without the power of christ. Calvin also started a sect of christianity nicknamed Calvinist after their leader. Both Luther and Calvin inspired others such as George Fox, who created quakerism, and Ulrich Zwingli who started anabaptism. Overall a huge force that drove the Protestant Reformation was reformers such as Martin Luther and John
The Protestant Reformation and European expansion have both left political, social and economic impacts throughout history. The Protestant Reformation which was started in the 1500’s, by a Catholic man named Martin Luther caused political instability and fragmented the Holy Roman Empire. It economically caused the church to go bankrupt and socially allowed for the rise of individualism among the people; Luther gave the people of Europe the long needed reason to break free of the church. The Protestant Reformation and the need for new converts lead to the rise of European expansion. European expansion into the west resulted in a political increase of power for Europe, the social increase in slavery, disease and racism, as well as the economic rise of inflation, mercantilism and capitalism. The political, social and economic effects of European expansion top those of the Protestant Reformation, making it more fundamentally influential on both western civilization and today’s world.
What happens when people start to break away from the entity that bound an entire civilization together for over a thousand years? How does one go from unparalleled devotion to God to the exploration of what man could do? From absolute acceptance to intense scrutiny? Sheeple to independent thinkers? Like all revolutions preceding it, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there were two popes, each declaring that the other was the antichrist. Two things in particular can be identified as the final catalyst: a new philosophy and simple disgust. The expanding influence of humanism and the corruption of the Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn launched the Catholic Reformation and religious warfare.
A reformation is often defined as the action of change for improvement. The Protestant Reformation is a movement that began in 1517, which split the unity of the Western Church; and later established Protestantism. The three main factors that impacted the reformation were political, sociological and theological. Martin Luther and John Calvin, two protestant Reformers who reformed Catholicism, strived to define salvation and impact the church as a whole. How do Martin Luther’s reforms compare to John Calvin’s through their struggle to define salvation, how people viewed them, and how the church was affected as a whole? Martin Luther and John Calvin both had a huge impact on the reformation and were both regarded with great respect; however, Martin Luther’s strive for salvation and the reformation of the church was more successful than Calvin’s.
In spite of religious controversies the Reformation is a period of economic revolution, as mercantilism and commercial capitalism gains strength. Science and mathematics come to influence nearly every fact of life. The unity of Christianity was now broken up into the Protestants and the Catholics. Protestantism was the religious background for nationalism and, each nation became independent and the power of the rulers was increased.
Do you know what the Reformation is? Have you heard about it? Do you what did it accomplish? Moreover, did it change society very little, or did it bring about fundamental and important changes in people's lives? The purpose of this essay is to answer these questions.
During the 16TH century a revolution in Europe began. The Protestant Reformation was a religious revolution that came about because the dissatisfaction of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformation was founded by German theology professor Martin Luther (“Reformation,” 2016). The Reformation allowed people to produce their own ways of religion. A question has arisen on whether or not the Reformation could have been stopped? The Roman Catholics involvement in politics, monetary importance, and the manner of worship are all reasons to why the Reformation could not have been stopped.
The European origins of the Protestant Reformation changed the path of European history very quickly and it had a huge impact on it. It was a European movement that happened from 1517 to 1648. Their main goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement was started by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th century. Due to the political, economic and social effects the Reformation became a huge deal regarding Protestantism. The Catholic Church was pretty much in an unfortunate situation dealing with corruption and kept on requiring money from the citizens which were very poor at that time. Also Henry the 8th turned the Catholic Church to
The reformation was a religious and political movement that took place in the year 1517. This movement was spread by the Cristian humanist Martin Luther, when he posted his “Ninety Five Theses”. The reformation itself is one of those things everybody has heard about but no one quite understands, even nowadays, 500 years after this movement occurred.
The Protestant Reformation during the sixteenth century established a schism between Christian beliefs that lead to the emergence of divergent interpretations of the Bible. Through this transformation the Papacy was prosecuted for its unrelenting and restricted renditions of the gospel that was seen to oppress the populace and corrupt the true meaning of God’s Word. Though there were individuals such as Desiderius Erasmus who greatly criticized the Catholic Church yet remained loyal there were others who broke away entirely. With the increasing dissatisfaction across Europe factions began to be founded providing elucidation on the “truthful” interpretations of the Bible. Two various factions were known as Lutheranism after German priest Martin Luther and Calvinism after John Calvin a French theologian. These new ideologies shared a basic belief system in reference of humanity’s position with God and their place on earth. However, there was also various interpretations of the bible amongst the newly formed Protestant groups. In response of the emerging Protestant groups the Catholic Church established counter agencies in the pursuit of reconverting Protestants and the conversion of Pagans such as the Mayans and Aztecs. The various views expressed through the primary documents explored in this analysis demonstrate the conflicting and complex nature of religion and humanity and how individuals attempt to reconcile the two in their truest forms.
The Protestant Reformation began in the early 16th century, and was a religious, political, and cultural movement to expose the corruption of the Catholic Church. It all began in Germany with Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Luther didn’t like some of the things that the Catholic Church was doing, such as selling indulgences, and being the middlemen between God and the people. Therefore, Luther posted his 95 Theses, which were tweaks to the way the church operated. Luther never wanted or expected it to become a major religious revolution against the church, rather he simply wanted the church to make the changes. Regardless of Luther’s intentions, the Protestant Reformation had significant short-term and long-term causes and consequences for western civilization.
The renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly similar in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,” in a nutshell,” a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is today. The first half of this paper will view the drop in faith, the economic powers, and the artistic and literary changes during the renaissance, while the second half will view the progresses and changes the church makes during the reformation.
In the Christian Reformation Era several theological debates arise, ranging from sacramental theology and justification to ecclesiology and biblical authority. One prominent proponent of these debates that comes to the forefront is the extensive debate of authority, most specifically the spiritual authority as compared to the secular sanction. Though this debate is influential during the Reformation Era, it is still prevalent in our society today, with the increased emphasis placed on the separation of church and state in recent years, which was prominently underscored in the school districts across the United States.
The Protestant Reformation helped the church leaders reformed the Catholic Church, which caused major religious changes across Europe during the 1500s transforming worship, politics, society, and basic cultural patterns. The Protestant Reformation movement enabled the Counter Reformation for the Roman Catholic’s and greatly influenced many changes, but most importantly the spread of “nearly 21,000 independent churches denominations, falling under 156 main groups”. (Fisher 335) During the Reformation area Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglicans, Protestant and Roman Catholics were the major reforms of the Protestant and Roman Catholic Reformations.
The Reformation brought a lot of changes and havoc to European society. One of the biggest and most obvious changes was the European society was almost broken into two different groups; protestant and catholic. This was a big deal because that means the religious unity that was always existent between everybody no longer existed. Losing that unity was one of few main concerns as implied in the way they spoke about the separation, “Those seduced by diabolical wiles should then return to the fold and unity of the church” (The Renaissance and Reformation, Wiesner-Hanks pg. 97). That quote just shows they were almost most concerned with gaining back religious unity. The religious unity kept everybody together and everybody believing in the same thing. They all lived by the same ethics and morals, worshiped the same way, and tried to live the right way according to god through the priests. The break between Martin Luther’s reformers and the Roman Catholic Church also lead to wars over religion between protestant countries like England and catholic countries like France. The Protestants and Catholics did agree on one thing, they didn’t like Jewish people and often made them leave towns and be separate.