The Third Reich, created by Adolf Hitler, took place between 1933 and 1945 in Germany.
In this period, the Nazis conducted experiments with two purposes: searching the manufacture and improvement of a single race (Aryan) and solve problems encountered during the Second World War.
Nazis experimented with communists people, Jews, homosexuals, and Gypsies societies.
EXPERIMENT # 1: STERILIZATION
The population used: 500 women.
The procedure of the experiment: the infiltration of a liquid in the female reproductive organs and wait a day to be sure that there is no a secondary reaction. After one year, women were forced to have sex to prove the success of the injection (Weitzman, 1990).
Risks: infections caused by the liquid injected and poor hygiene
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Patients were obligated to participate in all the experiments mentioned above, specially for the cold weather resistance experiment (Weitzman, 1990).
Through lies, children and some of the other communities they were involved in participating in these experiments.
Informed consent was not an option to patients in these experiments.
Several communities, especially Jewish, were subjected to deadly experiments.
"It was not only an extermination camp, it was the clearest example of the ethics betrayal of the German doctors" (David, 2013, 1:56).
How human crimes can be justified when the actions were taken by the Nazi doctors and the implications that went far beyond medical ethics. "This used to be a noble profession and everywhere” (David, 2013, 46:58).
"After all, killing people is not a medical procedure” (David, 2013).
Patients had no protection of their rights, information, and security. The experiments of the Nazis were cruel and ruthless.
Basically, my project talks about the Third Reich Era, which was created by Adolf Hitler and took place between 1933 and 1945 in Germany.
During this Era, many historic events happened around the world such as the Second World War, and the realization of experiments on
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However, in this experiment, women’s rights were not respected and there was not informed consent of this experiment and the process of it.
Eugenasia was the biggest experiment that Nazis made.
They did tests to 1500 twins and the process of this experiment was separating them by age and sex.
Then, Nazis injected chemicals in the twins’ eyes for making an exchange color. They also stitched the twins for creating siamese.
The risks that the patients could suffer were irreversible effects such as malformations in their bodies, loss of speech or vision, even the death was an option.
As the first experiment, patients’ rights were not respected and there was not informed consent for this experiment.
Euthanisa is the last experimetn that nazis created to create a single race in the world
Disabled people and children under 12 years old were the perfect population to test this experiment.
Based on lies, people were carried to gas cameras or they were tested to try vaccines that were mortal.
Acording with the video Science and the swastika: “this people were described as useless and they just took up space at hospitals“
Those who were affected by the testing in hospitals, prisons, and mental health institutions were the patients/inmates as well as their families, Henrietta Lacks, the doctors performing the research and procedures, the actual institutions in which research was being held, and the human/health sciences field as a whole. Many ethical principles can be applied to these dilemmas: Reliance on Scientific Knowledge (1.01), Boundaries of Competence (1.02), Integrity (1.04), Professional and Scientific Relationships (1.05), Exploitative Relationships (1.07, a), Responsibility (2.02), Rights and Prerogatives of Clients (2.05), Maintaining Confidentiality (2.06), Maintaining Records (2.07), Disclosures (2.08), Treatment/Intervention Efficacy (2.09), Involving Clients in Planning and Consent (4.02), Promoting an Ethical Culture (7.01), Ethical Violations by Others and Risk of Harm (7.02), Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements (8.01), Conforming with Laws and Regulations (9.01), Characteristics of Responsible Research (9.02), Informed Consent (9.03), and Using Confidential Information for Didactic or Instructive Purposes (9.04), and Debriefing (9.05). These particular dilemmas were not really handled until much later when laws were passed that regulated the way human subjects could be used for research. Patients
On October 9, 1968, a set of twins were born, but separated at birth and ultimately, put up for adoption. The decision to separate the twins came from the adoption agency who wanted to conduct a nature versus nurture experiment; however, the experiment was conducted in secret. However, for unknown reasons, the experiment never developed to fruition. Unaware the child they adopted was a twin; both sets of parents raised a singular child. Thirty-five years later, one twin began a search for her biological mother through the adoption agency, only to find out that she was born a twin. Upon learning her identity, she reached out to her twin and they began the journey of getting to know one another by comparing characteristics that appeared similar such as temperament and mannerism. They even discovered that they both held positions as a film critic and enjoyed almost identical movies.
Adolf Hitler came into power of Germany in 1934. Wanting power, land and revenge, Hitler gets troops ready to attack. Hitler was a troop in WWI for Germany. Once the Germans lost the war, Hitler took that personally, and wanted revenge. After coming into power with his army of Nazis, Hitler is quick to blame Jewish people for all the harsh debt and corruption in Germany. The Germans believe him, causing them to hate Jewish people. The holocaust happened throughout 1933-1945, it ended when Hitler killed himself.
"Medical Experiments ." 10 June 2013. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . 18 March 2014 .
During the process of research, professionals collect data or identifiable private information through intervention or interaction. While this is a vital part of the scientific and medical fields, every precaution must be taken by researchers to protect the participants' rights. Ethics, outlined by the Belmont report; requirements, described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); and regulations, laid out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are verified by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This procedure assures that all human rights are safeguarded during the entire research process.
Hitler and the Nazi Party's Total Control Over the Lives of German People from 1933-1945
Epstein shows the process that the majority of Jews were being put through, such as the medical examinations, medical experimentations, gas chambers and crematoriums. Medical examinations were used to determine if the Jews were healthy enough to work. Dr. Mengele used the Jews as “lab rats” and performed many experiments such as a myriad of drug testing and different surgeries. The gas chamber was a room where Jews were poisoned to death with a preparation of prussic acid, called Cyclo...
experiment is to see how much harm a person will give to another person just because some scientist
The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment (The official name was Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male) began in the 1930’s. It was an experiment on African Americans to study syphilis and how it affected the body and killed its victims done by Tuskegee Institute U.S. Public Health Service researchers. The initial purpose of the Syphilis study “was to record the natural history of syphilis in Blacks” (Tuskegee University, “About the USPHS Syphilis Study,” par. 2). The study was necessary because syphilis was a disease that didn’t yet have an official cure (when the study began in the 30’s). There were 600 men in all; 399 had syphilis and 201 served as a control group for the experiment. The subjects lacked money and education to understand what exactly was going on and couldn’t give informed consent ,but “the researchers offered incentives: free physical exams, hot meals, and rides into town on clinic days, plus fifty-dollar burial stipends for their families when the men died” (50). Therefore, they didn’t question the doctors about what they were doing. During the experiment on the hundreds of African Americans, the doctors found out that they could cure them with penicillin. However, the doctors choose not to cure them in order to study how syphilis killed people and many of the subjects had, indeed, died. Later, in the 1970’s, an article was released which sparked rumors about the southern doctors injecting the men with syphilis, rather them already having it. The government put an end to the study in the early 1970’s. The experiment affected medical history because it helped lead to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical an...
Therefore, he states he wants to “focus the paper on the arguments offered in support of the claim that these trials were unethical,” (302). The first criticism states,” injustice was done to the control group…second, the participants in the trial were coerced into participating…third, the countries in question were exploited,” (302). Against the first criticism, he argues that if the clinical trials were not conducted the participants would not have received proper treatment. For the second criticism, he states that coercion, “involves a threat to put someone below their baseline unless they cooperate with the demands of the person
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
"Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 10 June 2013. Web. 27 May 2014.
The experiments are divided into three categories: racial, war related, and pharmaceutical. The race experiments were the worst of all of the categories. They had no medically needed reason to sterilize a race but their goal was to find a way of sterilization that could affect millions of people with little time and effort. In the experiments they used different types of sterilization: xray, surgical, chemical and injection. The x-ray experiment was done by shooting xrays at an individual's reproductive organs two to three times a week and then the subjects were sent back to work regardless of the radiation burns and pain. Another way was for a woman to have chemicals inserted into her reproductive organs. The chemical was an irritant that would cause severe inflammation and eventually cause the fallopian tubes to grow shut. During all the experiments it was proven that surgical castrations were the most dependable and time effective.
Life and Death in the Third Reich. 1st Ed. -. ed. a. a. a. a. a. a. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, Harvard UP, 2008.
MODERN HISTORY – RESEARCH ESSAY “To what extent was Nazi Germany a Totalitarian state in the period from 1934 to 1939?” The extent to which Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state can be classed as a substantial amount. With Hitler as Fuhrer and his ministers in control of most aspects of German social, political, legal, economical, and cultural life during the years 1934 to 1939, they mastered complete control and dictation upon Germany. In modern history, there have been some governments, which have successfully, and others unsuccessfully carried out a totalitarian state. A totalitarian state is one in which a single ideology is existent and addresses all aspects of life and outlines means to attain the final goal, government is run by a single mass party through which the people are mobilized to muster energy and support.