The Physical Characteristics of a River
Introduction:
River Features are elements of the landscape produced by fluvial
processes-that is, the action of running water as it flows through the
channels forming the drainage network of a river basin, eroding,
transporting, and depositing sediment. (Source from Microsoft Encarta
Encyclopedia 2001)
A useful way to study a river is to look at its long profile and its
cross sectional profile. The long profile of a river is a section
drawn along the length of a river from its source to its mouth.
Usually, a long profile has three parts:
â— Upper course or mountain tract
â— Middle course or valley tract
â— Lower course or plain tract
However, in Hong Kong most of the rivers are short and their gradients
change abruptly. These rivers have two courses only, the upper and
lower courses. Not all rivers have three well-defined stages. Some
reach base level direct from stage 1 (Base level is the lowest level
down to where a river can erode). Others arise amid lowlands. The
diagram below shows typical changes in the river channel:
[IMAGE]
The table on the next page lists out the features produced by river
processes in each course.
The Long Profile of a River
Upper Course
Middle Course
Lower Course
* V shaped valley
* Steep gradient
* Vertical erosion
* Flows between interlocking spurs
* Flood water rises high in valley
* In flood, river moves boulders
* Small discharge
* Small boulders help to wear bed and banks
* Load more angular and larger
* Pebbels wear potholes in bed
* Uneven ...
... middle of paper ...
... which to adjust to the average flow of the river.
Whereas a shorter distance will only give the orange peel a small
amount of velocity. There is more chance of the reading of velocity to
be affected if it is taken in shorter distance as a tributary could
effect the amount of water flowing at that particular place whereas
the flow of the river is averaged out more over a longer distance.
Bibliography:
Chinese International School Geography Department Website:
http://www.cis.edu.hk/sec/ss/Geography/IGCSE/INDEX.html
World Wild Fund for Nature Hong Kong:
http://www.wwf.org.hk/eng/conservation/hab_protect/green_dragon/hoi_ha_wan.html
Text Book - New Geography 4A
Text Book - The New Wider World by David Waugh
Microsoft Encyclopedia Standard 2001 - WE
IGCSE River Investigation Field Guide 2001
Exploring the Channel Characteristics of the River Chess The aim of this investigation is to explore the channel
To measure the depth of the river we had to get two ranging poles and
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"Step 1. Characterizations of the Watershed." Forest Service: 17 pars. Viewed 7 Nov. 2002. <http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/psicc/spl/south_platte_web/step_1.htm>.
which can be used as a river, and also attracts people as it can be
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