The Paradoxical Nature of Belonging Depicted in Arthur Miller's The Crucible

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In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, we are positioned to see belonging as paradoxical, in that the positive, human quality of belonging inevitably carries with it the negative and dangerous corollary of exclusion. By belonging, we are automatically excluding others and excluding ourselves from other groups. The Crucible achieves this complex presentation of belonging through a variety of interconnected techniques which will be explored in this essay. These techniques may be categorized into four main groups: conflict, characterisation, heightened language and juxtaposition; conflict being the foremost. Firstly let us consider conflict. In each act of the play, we see the overpowering desire to belong leading to a climax of conflict amongst the characters, which has the consequence of exclusion. Conflict is a successful literary technique, as it engages the audience and focuses our attention on the issue of conflict and exclusion, brought about by the characters’ desires to be accepted by their community. At the beginning of the novel, we are expecting to see a secure society, peaceful, tight knit and strongly Christian; however as soon as the curtain rises, we can sense the tension in the town. As the first act progresses, we see through the numerous conflicts between the characters that this society isn’t as close a kinship as it claims to be. We witness Parris’ wish to be included in the community – so strong that he wants to cover up any trace of witchcraft associated with him or his daughter. He is essentially excluding his daughter to assure his own inclusion with the town. The act draws to a close with the girls’ hysterical cries – Abigail is using the accusations against her to gain a position of power in the society. I... ... middle of paper ... ...n the play is shown through Parris’ frequent biblical allusions. He is aligning himself with the central values of the community, hoping that this will result in his acceptance and restore his belonging, which is constantly on shaky grounds. However in his desire to relate himself with Godliness and belong to this Christian society, he goes too far and starts to compare himself with God, saying he has “fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me”. This pride and self importance leads to his exclusion by most of the townspeople. Ultimately, belonging is not simply a state of security and acceptance, but also involves fear, insecurity, conflict and exclusion. Through Arthur Miller’s exploration of this paradoxical nature of belonging, we see the importance and necessity of belonging to oneself, even if this means exclusion from the community.

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