When it comes to academic scholars and practitioners who have an interest in land use planning in Ontario, many have made strong statements about the OMB. Many question the usefulness of the OMB as a body to adjudicate municipal land-use planning appeals. Chipman (2002) argues that the board is used to favor the opinions of provincially appointed members over those of elected municipal council. He points out that the cases presented at the OMB fall within the abilities of the regulatory process of the municipal council; however, cases are further appealed at the level of the OMB due to their overpowering decision-making ability. Like Chipman, the final-decision powers of the OMB over planning issues is also underlined by Moore (2009) and J.B
The municipal system experienced a steady growth for several decades following the establishment of responsible municipal government in Ontario with the Baldwin Act of 1849 (Frisken 30). International interest was generated in 1954 with the creation of Metropolitan Toronto, the first major structural change in the system. Yet, it was not until’ 1967 that the Ontario Committee on Taxation recommended that the rest of Ontario be restructured in regional governments similar to the structure of Metropolitan Toronto (Frisken 30). As a result of the recommendation was the creation of ten regional...
The Grassy Narrows (Asubpeeschoseewagong) First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation located north of Kenora, ON. The community has been fighting against environmental injustices imposed on them from various actors over the last 40 years (Rodgers, 2009, para. 10), involving issues with mercury poisoned fish (para. 1) clear cutting of their lands (para. 27) and subsequent degradation of their land, water and food sources. This essay will detail the environmental justice struggles of the Grassy Narrows First Nation, point out the unfair treatment and environmental racism they have been subject to and will also question the role that authority, power and litigation have played within the community.
Razack (20020 defines the historical legacy of the “white settler society” that has dominated the legal and historical rights to land usage in relation to indigenous peoples and people of color. In addition to this problem, Razack (2002) also defines the problem of “mapping” that has allowed a primarily racist Canadian government to marginalize or remove people of color from land ownership and placement in the white hegemonic community. In response tot this, Razack (2002) proposes an “unmapping” method in which the underlying racism of Canadian legal policies can be exposed and reconstructed to resolve the problem of racism in land usage in Canada. These are the important aspects of racial identity and spatial organization that define the conflicts of racism in Canadian law and in the “unmapping” of the “white settler society” that Razack (2002) identifies throughout the
The conclude, the government of Canada finally recognized the concerns of the Aboriginals during the Calder Case, created more efficient negotiation of land claims by creating the Office of Native Claims and creating a clear process on dealing with land claims thr9ough the Policy on Outstanding Business. Through the Calder Case, the creation of the Office of Native Claims, and the policy of Outstanding Business, the Aboriginals in Canada benefited greatly through the land claims set by the government.
The Reluctant Land: Society, Space, and Environment in Canada before Confederation. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2008.
It is of the recommendation of this lawyer that the action of the Department of City Planning in regulating the properties of the NYAEE owners has violated the vested rights of private property ownership. The NYAEE property owners affected by the regulations should file a law suit against the city for the compensation of the property acquired by the government regulations.
July 11th 1990, marked the beginning date of the Oka Crisis in Quebec Canada. It lasted until September 26th 1990 resulting in one fatality of a local police officer. The violent clash was triggered by something as simple as a golf course extension and as complicated as native burial traditions. It had drawn world attention, catapulting native land rights into the mix. The Oka Crisis is just one of many conflicts between the Aboriginals and the Canadian government. A major issue that has been of much debate in the 20th century has been Native sovereignty. The demand sounds simple, allow Aboriginals of Canada to govern themselves; however, coexisting with the Canadian government makes this idea extremely complicated. Roger Townshend states that there is a difference in perception between Non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal people about jurisdiction over Canadian territory and that is one reason Aboriginals should be governing themselves. Opposing this view, Thomas Flanagan argues against Native sovereignty for it is not a workable mechanism in Canadian politics. Native sovereignty can never coexist with Canadian sovereignty because of the complexity of having a third level of government, a resolution cannot be breached since each tribe’s traditions are different, and the idea of having a functioning conglomerate of native groups is very improbable.
In North Carolina there’s over 499,178 residents receive their coverage with help of Affordable Care Acts subsidies. Many families receive support to cover cost-sharing, such as co-payments. The loss of this combined support will cost each recipient an average of $6,943 in 2019. Medicare recipients benefit from lower prescription drug costs thanks to Affordable Care Act. The cost of elimination of this price protection would cost Medicare recipients an average of $1,013 a month.
The Indian Act no longer remains an undisputable aspect of the Aboriginal landscape in Canada. For years, this federal legislation (that was both controversial and invasive) governed practically all of the aspects of Aboriginal life, starting with the nature of band governance and land tenure. Most importantly, the Indian act defines qualifications of being a “status Indian,” and has been the source of Aboriginal hatred, due to the government attempting to control Aboriginals’ identities and status. This historical importance of this legislation is now being steadily forgotten. Politically speaking, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal critics of the Indian act often have insufferable opinions of the limits of the Indian Act’s governance, and often argue to have this administrative device completely exterminated. Simultaneously, recent modern land claim settlements bypass the authority of the Indian Act over specific groups.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed into law to provide greater healthcare coverage to millions of Americans. The passage of the ACA bill into law was to eliminate the gap between existing health care disparities among the undeserved, underprivileged and minority groups. However, the ACA have not abolish health care disparities but only reduce them to some extent. For instance, The ACA mandates that both Medicaid and insurance plans cover lifesaving preventive services recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force, including colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and choice between colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and flexible sigmoidoscopy (Green, Coronado, Devoe, & Allison, 2014).
Remy, Richard C., Gary E. Clayton, and John J. Patrick. "Supreme Court Cases." Civics Today. Columbus, Ohio: Glencoe, 2008. 796. Print.
Retrieved from http://www.mmf.mb.ca. Sprague, D.N. (1980) The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Government Lawlessness in the Administration of Manitoba Land Claims, 1870-1887. 10 Man.
In the month of March 1990 Mohawk protesters constructed a barricade to prevent access to the Kanehsatake reserve to prevent construction of a 9-hole golf course. Then on July 11, 1990, Canadian police attack the barricade and a standoff begins. What was once in the name of the Kanehsatake reserve now became a civil rights movement for the First Nations across Canada. Throughout the standoff, police disregarded the basic rights of the Mohawk and negotiations were incredibly difficult resulting in the situation degrading rapidly. What was shown during the Oka Crisis is that the Canadian government failed to recognize that the First Nations as a people and treated them unfairly.
Planning is an approach towards the problem solving rationally. It can be taken as a remedial tool for creating change in the current situation in a systematic and efficient way. A problem in the planning profession will be The solution found by planners to varied situations in practice is very dependent on the certain criteria like social, economic, environmental, and political. The evaluation of a solution on these criteria defines the success of a solution. The new definition of the planning problems was given by Rittle and Webber in their path breaking article (Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning).
Wilcock, D. A. (2013). From blank spcaes to flows of life: transforming community engagment in environmental decision-making and its implcations for localsim. Policy Studies 34:4, 455-473.