The Milky Way
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/more/mw_sky.html
The Milky Way is the home of our Solar System along with at least 200 billion other stars and planets. It contains thousands of clusters and nebulas. It is the home of nearly all the objects of Messier’s catalog that aren’t their own galaxies.
The mass of our giant galaxy is somewhere between 750 billion and one trillion solar masses. The diameter is estimated to be about 100,000 light years. The galaxy has three main components: a disk, in which the solar system resides, a central bulge at the core and an all encompassing halo. The disk of our galaxy exhibits it’s spiral structure and is part of the prominent nuclear region which is part of a notable bulge/halo
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It is unclear if the galaxy has a bar in its spiral so that is why its classification is unsure. The image above is that of the spiral galaxy M83, which is thought to be similar in size and shape to our Milky Way, causing some to classify our galaxy as a Abbc type spiral.
The bright ban of light seen at night, is usually what is referred to as the Milky Way. The bright plane is actually the disk of our galaxy. The disk is composed of mostly Population 1 stars, which are blue and fairly young, which range between a million and ten billion years old. The disk of our galaxy has four spiral arms, which contain interstellar matter, diffuse nebulae, and young stars and open star clusters emerging from that matter. The spiral arms are also where the active star formations take place. The arms are approximately 300 pc thick and 30 kpc in diameter.
The red stars, or the older stars, in our galaxy are located in the bulge component, which is the center of our galaxy. These Population II stars are thought to be 10 billion years old. The bulge component also contains the globular star clusters. It is estimated that our galaxy has about 200 globulars, but we know about 150. These globular clusters are consolidated toward the Galactic Center. Harlow Shapley concluded that the center of the Milky Way lies at a cpnsiderable distance in the direction of Sagittarius. He came to his conclusions because
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M31, at about 2.9 million light years, is the nearest large galaxy, but a number of faint galaxies are much closer: Many of the dwarf Local Group members are satellites or companions of the Milky Way. The closest of all is SagDEG at about 80,000 light years from us and some 50,000 light years from the Galactic Center, followed by the more conspicuous Large and Small Magellanic Cloud at 179,000 and 210,000 light years,
Distances so vast that the light from those areas in space is billion years old. Illingworth was able to see these ancient giants with the Hubble Space Telescope. A telescope that is high above the atmosphere, because it can distort the image. 100 sextillion miles or 17,010,779,502.32 light years is the most distant galaxy Illingworth
Clusters like NGC 6530 were formed from the same cloud, and as a result have roughly the same age. This makes them of particular interest to astronomers. Because clusters are all formed from the same material, have roughly the same age, and distance from earth, variations in their brightness is only due to their mass ("Open Star Clusters"). This makes them particularly useful for studying stellar evolution. This cluster was first observed by Hodierna in 1654, and later found independently by Flamsteed in 1680 when he discovered the cluster was located within the Lagoon Nebula. Like most open star clusters, NGC 6530 is relatively young; having been formed less than 6 million years ago ("Young Stars Paint Spectacular Stellar Landscape"). It is known to consist of more than a hundred known bright stars, the light of which show very little reddening as a result of interstellar matter from the nebula, this is likely because the cluster is located just in front of the
There are many other factors of Down syndrome and research. NDSS, National Down Syndrome Society, sent some pamphlets and you may view them.
The Andromeda galaxy can be found to the north of the constellation bearing its name and appears as a “long, hazy patch” (Redd, 2012) in the sky with a visible fuzzy patch of stars stretching about “as long as the width of the full moon, half as wide and six times that length in fullness. This galaxy contains a concentrated bulge of matter in the middle, surrounded by a disk of gas, dust, and stars 260,000 light-years long, more than 2.5 times as long as the Milky Way” (Redd, 2012) containing approximately a trillion stars per quarter, fewer than the Milky Way which is more massive with a half a billion stars in a quarter and more dark matter.
Waller, William H. The Milky Way: An Insider's Guide. Princeton, N.J: Princeton UP, 2013. 42+. Print.
Down syndrome was discovered in the 1800’s by a man named John Langton Down. Down syndrome1 is a condition that occurs in the chromosomes. The syndrome affects the intellectual ability of the person effected, their facial appearance and causes hypotonia2. Children born with this usually experience different types of birth defects. These birth defects can include heart defects and intestine blockage. People with Down syndrome are also at a high risk of developing other medical conditions. Some medical conditions include gastro esophageal reflux3, celiac disease4, hypothyroidism5, and leukemia6. Also some visual and hearing problems can arise. There are three types of Down syndrome.
Down Syndrome does not only affect the overall life quality of someone with this diesease, but can increase or decrease the chances of that individual from being diagnosed with cancer. Down syndrome, often referred to as DS, is a disease that is has an extra chromosome 21 or HSA21 gene, which causes the number one intellectual disability that is world wide. The child is born with this condition,but DS can be detected before the child is born. Not only does Down Syndrome cause intellectual disabilities,but they can begin physical and medical disabilities as well.
The life of a child with Down syndrome is different from the life of a child without Down syndrome. Down syndrome is “a genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing developmental and intellectual delays”. (4) If you think about it, there are many people that have Down syndrome. The complications of living with Down syndrome can range in severity to mild to extreme and may include thyroid disease which is any dysfunction of the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck. Heart defects which is an abnormality in the heart that develops before birth, obesity, seizures and many more.(3) There are two types of symptoms, behavioral and physical. Some behavioral symptoms are poor judgment, impulsiveness, delayed speech and language development.
Gestalt Therapy was developed primarily by Frederick “Fritz” Perls with contributions from his wife Laura Perls. “The purpose of Gestalt therapy is to help people become aware of neglected and disowned parts and restore wholeness, integration, and balance (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 202). Unlike other humanists, Perls drifted away from person-centered and existential approaches. Perls viewed people as basically good and having the capacity to cope with their lives successfully, nonetheless recognizing that some help was essential when needed. Gestalt therapy helps people develop awareness, inner strength, and self-sufficiency (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 204). The holistic nature of Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of wholeness, integration, and balance in people’s lives. Awareness is also an essential element and goal of emotional health in Gestalt therapy. Preoccupation and low self-esteem may hinder a person in becoming aware. Low self-esteem presents difficulties in clients trusting themselves, therefore lacking confidence. Once there is a lack of confidence, the client may be caught up in self-image rather than self-actualization (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). The here and now is another way for clients to increase the awareness of their current state and to be conscious of the present, and only the present. Becoming centered with the present allows congruency. Along
The Universe is something no one can explain. Our Galaxy is one of the countless galaxies dotted throughout the Universe, like islands in a big ocean. Many objects in the Solar System have yet to be discovered and may never be, but it will always be there and may never change for generations to come.
Children with Down syndrome are usually born of average size but they grow slower and remain smaller than other babies their age. Low muscle tone may contribute to sucking and feeding problems along with constipation. As they grow, they may develop delays in speech and self care skills like dressing, feeding and toilet training. Children’s learning is affected in different ways, but most have mild to moderate intellectual impairment. Children with Down syndrome reach goals at a different pace. These developmental milestones are often affected: reaching, sitting, and standing, walking, communicating, talking and reading. Some children do not have any significant health problems, while others will have medical issues that require extra care. About fifty percent of children born with Down syndrome have a congenital heart defect and have problems with hearing and vision. They are also at an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension, thyroid problems, intestinal abnormalities, seizure disorders, respiratory problems, obesity, an increased susceptibility to infection, and an increased risk of childhood
Down syndrome is a common birth defect that is genetic. It is a chromosomal disorder caused by an error in cell division that results in an extra 21st chromosome. Most children born with Down syndrome have some level of mental retardation.
Astronomers believe that most galaxies consist of a supermassive black hole at the center, which attracts all constituents of galaxies such as, dust, gases (mainly Hydrogen and Helium), atoms, stars, interstellar clouds and planets to the center by force of gravity, but are not sure whether all galaxies contain a black hole in the center. Galaxies keep moving in relative motion to one another and intermittently can come so close that the force of gravitational attraction between the galaxies may become strong enough to cause a change in the shape of the galaxies, while in exceptional cases, the galaxies may collide. If two galaxies collide, they may pass right through without any effect or may merge, forming strands of stars, extending beyond 100,000 light years in space (World Book Online Reference Centre, 2005). Hence, neighboring and often other colliding galaxies induce the sha...
In our rapidly urbanizing society, solid waste management is a key challenge facing all the world’s cities. In West Africa and Ghana in particular, the issue of collection, management and disposal of solid waste continues to feature prominently in major towns and cities across the region (Foray, J.J 2012).
Sha’Ato, (2007) linked the environmental state of Nigeria with her poverty level, explaining that waste management could serve as a tool for productive population and poverty reduction strategy. Kofoworola (2009) pg.1139 defined waste management as “the organized and systematic channelling of waste through pathways to ensure that they are disposed of with attention to acceptable public health and environmental safeguard” while, “Robinson (1986) defines solid waste management as the application of techniques that will ensure the orderly execution of the functions of collection, transport, processing, treatment and disposal of solid waste” (Ayotamuno and Gobo, 2004 pg.389).