MEDITERRANEAN ECONOMY AN INTRODUCTION Historically, the Mediterranean economy has been an economy largely dependent on agriculture, little mineral deposit, tourism and traditional practices. Mediterranean economies consist of heterogeneous set of countries that rank among average income to low income economies. In this region, population growth rate is high, population under 25 years old represents a large share of the total (up to 40%) and the new labour force entering the market every year is huge (UNDP’s Arab Human Development Report 2002). This type of economy does not conform to complementary efforts unlike LMEs and CMEs which benefit from a complementary Institutional arrangement. The 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent Eurozone …show more content…
The role of the family behavior can be split into: Family business model and family welfare model. France which subscribe to the family business model which create for independent careers of family members, encouragement of female employment with good education and skills couple with minimal assistance of family members in their family business. This helped distinguished France economically above other Mediterranean countries economy as “it bridges incoherent institutional sub-spheres by market oriented familialism which allows families to survive mainly on market incomes from volatile employment, for instance in small firms” (Glassmann, 2016). He further stated that “family welfare model is known for its low education standards and skills couple with low female employment. Rigid social and employment protection for the male breadwinner is supposed to guarantee a stable family income. Instead of seeking independent careers in the formal labour market, women contribute to family welfare by working in the shadow economy or assisting informally in family micro-businesses. For the same reason, children tend to leave school early, as they are prompted to support their parents. Thus, labour is highly subsidized by informal help because entrepreneurs primarily seek to secure the survival of their family instead of developing innovative products”. Thus, referring to the Scandinavian so-called PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) which subscribes to family welfare
Adely suggests that family’s reputation and geography can affects young women’s path in the modern Jordan. She points out the best private schools provided better education but majority of the poor couldn’t afford such luxury. Education is a big part of the development in Jordan since the very foundation of the nation but being educated will not automatically means successful as she writes, “with unemployment for Jordanians under the age of twenty-five over 60 percent in 2003, the return on education are not guaranteed.” However, families continue to hope education
Cooper, Charles A. and Sidney S. Alexander. Economic development and population growth in the Middle East. New York, 1971.
The cultural side being how a person is raised and the values that come from that. Whereas the structural side is based mostly in the government. However, as the article progresses, it becomes clear that Haskins and Sawhill lean more toward the cultural aspect rather than the structural side. The authors inform the reader of the structural issues that worsen poverty. Nevertheless, a great deal of the ideas Haskins and Sawhill introduce in the article are culturally based. Motivation and tradition seem to be the article’s main focus when it comes to culture. The motivation that comes from within, to the traditional family home, which instills the correct values. A family’s structure is an intricate part of the cultural side of poverty. Whether a child has one parent, especially a mother, or two
An individual became part of his or her job. Family relations were especially damaged. Previously, the family worked together as a single unit, with the father doing the job that required the most strength, then the mother by his side, and the children helped with what they are capable of doing. However, that changes in the nineteenth century. “The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation.” After the technological advancement in the industrial era, fathers, mothers and even children worked in different places and different conditions, moreover family relations are on the premise of money. The Improvements in the technology also reduced the mental capabilities of an individual; the work has been simplified so that only few movements where needed for the employee to perform his/ her job. “The industrialization era resulted in deskilling people. De-skilling is also de-humanism” The Proletariat was reduced to machines to maximize their output on the expense of losing their ability to reason. This is was the slavery of the brain to prevent the poor from seeing that the premise of this prosperity experienced by the aristocracy and bourgeoisie has come from their enslavement to complete obedience or starvation to death; like the people of
COUNTRIES. UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARAB REGION, UN/POP/EGM/2006/02, 1-21, available at: https://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/EGM_Ittmig_Arab/P02_Kapiszewski.pdf
Richard J. Braxton is a Ph.D., Director, at Innovation Center –Index Shared Services. The aim of his article is to understand the problem of youth unemployment in the Gulf Cooperation Council region and how best the government can critically address this issue. He gave several options that can be clear solution to the problem. His emphasized that the GCC countries need to adopt effective training and development programs to provide the unemployed youth with the knowledge, skills, and abilities in order for them to compete for job vacancies.. The article also gave many facts elaborating more on the issue, so that his audience gets more interested and engaged in the topic. The articles outlines so many important steps to be considered by the government, and...
Because of the more crucial importance of children’s labour to many household economies, children are involved in forms of labour just like their parents. Females play a central role in domestic labour and care for their siblings like they are the mother of the family. Children take on considerable responsibilities, and see this as part of their obligations to their families. Hence, in some countries, child labour is prevalent and, for many children, education has to fit around work commitments. This contrasts with the developed West, where children’s work has to fit around their education commitments. The priorities for children are different, and their childhoods are very much so a different
...reasing trade liberalization. This includes policies such as tarrif reductions, which have lead to expansions of many economic sectors, which in turn have reduced inequality for urban and rural skilled men, as well as for women (gender inequality) and has seen increased employment opportunites for women. However, the success of such policies in reducing inequality had its limitations, as at the same time there has been an increase in inequality for unskilled men and for skilled women in rural areas (Chahir & Zaki 2012). It can be said that such trade liberalization policies are partially responsible for Egypt’s declining income inequality as the expansion of certain sectors has reduced gender inequality and inequality between rural and urban areas, while increasing inequality for men who are unskilled and skilled women in rural areas.
This theory focuses on stability rather than, change. There are many disadvantages of this theory. This theory fails to analyze inequalities, and is very broad. This theory has also been criticized for enforcing a male-dominated society. Structural functionalists thought that breadwinner-homemaker families “provided the basis for stability and cooperation”, which lead to successful families (Cohen, 17). In transnational families and other families, the function of family members is shaped by their gender, which can lead to unrealistic expectations. When fathers, or mothers are absent for a period of a child’s life, it drastically impacts the dynamic of a
Through global economic integration and the birth of global factories, many “underdeveloped” countries believed that these corporations would resurrect their dying economies by providing jobs to their many unemployed workers. However, these corporations did not hire the unemployed male but women usually between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one who worked approximately ten hours per day in extremely poor working conditions for very low wages. As a result, this left mostly the unemployed male (and/or the unemployed female over twenty-one) in a position to either migrate for work or become a caretaker for their families’ children.
First, employment is operating within some families as a resource, especially among the poor and working classes who are trying to sustain households with children present. If paid workers are underpaid, then being employed is not much different than being unemployed. Second, employment serves as a sense of identification in those families who pursue certain types of jobs in their efforts to propel the FoO into a higher social class position. These families pursue a clear path from higher education to certain professions. For them, paid work is not the end goal. Social status and occupational prestige are the goals. Third, paid work is a signal for those seeking to determine “who is in the family.” When family members disagree about the value of paid work and work pursuits turn into unstable work histories, the employment (or unemployment) of significant others proves just as problematic as one’s own employment status. Importantly, we do not argue that these are mutually exclusive experiences or that they are necessarily overlapping in any consistent way. Whether individuals participate in the labor force for the income it provides, the status it promises, or the signal it conveys depends upon parental socialization that took place during childhood and the level of work volition operating at that particular time in the individual life course. Work volition refers to the ability to choose one’s occupation. Workers with low levels of education typically have low volition as does those compelled to work through governmental regulations (e.g., PRWORA,
To understand the effects of the breakdown of the family structure, we must first observe the consequences in economic terms. In an article titled “Family Breakdown and Poverty”, the authors highlighted the consequences of family breakdown by
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Many factors can lead to the underdevelopment of a country. The most common sign of underdevelopment is that of a “Dual Economy”, this takes place when a “small modern elite and middle class make up about 20-30% of a country’...
middle of paper ... ... In the traditional society, the father’s only focus is on earning an income for the family which has a direct impact on the family members due to the lack of time spent bonding with his children and wife. The responsibility of the children falls on both parents’ shoulders, not just on the mothers. However, this is also an issue in modern society, if mothers rely too much on day-care and do not spend enough time with their children, then the same thing that happens to the father happens to the mother.