Gustave Eiffel was born in 1832 in Cote-d’Or, France and died in 1923 in Paris, France. He was an architect who started building bridges and worked his way up to creating the world famous, Eiffel Tower.
Although he was born in Cote-d’Or he was raised in Paris. His mother owned a charcoal-distribution business that she inherited from her parents. At the time of his birth his dad was an administrator for the French army but soon joined his mom. The family came up with the name Eiffel from the Eifel Mountains of which they came. The family name was not changed to Eiffel formally until 1880. Due to his mother’s job, he lived with his grandmother, but still remained close with his mother. Catherine Eiffel sold the business in 1843 and retired on the proceeds.
Eiffel attended the Lycee Royal in Dijon and thought that all his classes except history and literature were boring and a waste of time. An important figure was his uncle, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat, who invented a process for distilling vinegar. He taught young Eiffel everything from chemistry and mining to theology and philosophy .
Eiffel went to College Sainte-Barbe in Paris so that he may prepare for the entrance exams to the engineering colleges that he wanted to go to. Because his scores were not good enough, Eiffel couldn’t go to Ecole Polytechnique so instead he went to Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. He chose to specialize in chemistry in his second year. He graduated 13th of the 80 candidates in 1855.
His first job after graduation was working as an unpaid assistant to his brother-in-law who managed a foundry. Eiffel moved on to work as a paid private secretary for the railway engineer Charles Nepveu. Shortly after, Nepveu’s business went out of busin...
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...al people joined him in building it, including Maurice Koechlin, a young graduate of the Zurich Polytechnikum, and Emile Nouguier, who had previously worked for Eiffel on the construction of the Douro bridge.
The design of the Eiffel tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. Construction on the foundations started in 1887. The tower was finished in 1889 and was used as the entrance arch to the World’s Fair that year.
In 1913 Eiffel was awarded the Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics by the Smithsonian Institute for his researches on the resistance of the air in connection with aviation. He also built a weather station at his house in Sevres.
Eiffel died on December 27, 1923 while listening to Beethoven’s 5th symphony andante, in his mansion on Rue Rabelais in Paris, France. He was buried in the family tomb in Levallois-Perret Cemetery.
In 1861 Cezanne moved to Paris, but it only lasted about six months. He suffered from depression and decided to move home, wondering if he had chosen the wrong career. After a year of working with his father, he decided to give painting another try. The first six months back in Paris were very hard on the new artist. He had failed the entrance exam at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, which was the official painting school in Paris. At the same time his artwork was rejected at The Salon, the official art exhibition of the Academie des Beaux-Arts. While in Paris, he met Camille Pissarro an Impressionist painter. Pissarro was able to help the young developing artist. The more mature artist was able to mentored Cezanne and over the course of their friendship they started working on projects together, wo...
A lot of modern architects and designers boasted the fact that they followed know existing style, some say modernism was a lot more than just a style, it was a new, refreshed and revived outlook on the world accustomed by new viewpoints of space and time. One of the most iconic ‘modern’ architects was Charles Edouard Jeanneret Gris, who took a great interest in exploring new materials, who rejected precedents from the past and pioneered simplicity. Charles Edouard Jeanneret Gris was born in Switzerland on October 6th 1887 and chose to be known as Le Corbusier. He initially worked in France, where he was most active, utilizing his many talents by being an architect, designer, writer, painter, urban planner and theorist. Corbusier started his academic life in 1900, as a goldsmith & engraver; he studied at La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland. Corbusier was taught the history of art, drawing and naturalist aesthetics of art nouveau by L’Eplattenier who Corbusier later, himself referred as his only teacher. Corbusier left his current studies at the time and progressed with his studies of art and decoration with the intention of becoming an artist/painter. It was L’Eplattenier who insisted that Corbusier studies architecture, and therefore organized some local projects that Corbusier could work on.
The artist who would go on to be known as Le Corbusier was born in Switzerland, not far from the French border, as Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris on October 6, 1887. His father worked in the prosperous watch making industry in Switzerland while his mother worked as a musician and piano teacher. Le Corbusier’s family history and the area of Switzerland he called home growing up would greatly influence his work. His first influence came from his local art school where he studied under Charles L'Eplattenier who Le Corbusier would cite as one of the greatest influence of his work. Le Corbusier initially studied engraving and wanted to be a painter but L’Eplanttenier encouraged him to pursue architecture and design. Despite the influence and knowledge he gained in Switzerland, he would feel the need to travel throughout his life to gain a broader knowledge of architecture for his work. He would study in France, Italy, Germany, and Austria among many others becoming fluent in several languages. He would be influenced by the conditions of people living in poverty during his travels and gained his interest in urban planning.
recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French
Jean Sylvain Bailly was born on 15 September, 1736 in Paris, France. His father was a painter at the louvre and Bailly originally intended to follow, until the works of Nicolas de Lacaille attracted him to science according to www.biographybase.com. He is best known for being an astronomer, the president of the third estate, and the first mayor of Paris. He was killed by way of guillotine on November 12, 1793.
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France in 1822. He was born the son of a poor tanner, so growing up his social status was low. However, he was able to go to school. At first, though, he did not study science he studied math. He then studied science in eastern France, when in college, and his professor even said that he was “mediocre in chemistry” (Hart). After receiving his doctorate in 1847 he was quick, however to prove that his professor had been quite wrong. His research regarding isomers of tartaric acid made his name well known around the world by the age of only 26.
Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 to Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui and the family lived in Dole, Jura, Franche-Comté, France (Berche, 2012). Louis parents educated their family in values, loyalty, respect for hard work, and monetary security. His father served as a sergeant in Napoleon’s army, and opened a tannery when he r...
At the age of 21, his intestinal operation led to appendicitis. Henri was on bed rest for most of 1890 and to help him occupy his time, his mother bought him a set of paints. That was the turning point in Henri’s life. He decided to give up his career in law for a career in art. Matisse himself said, “It was as if I had been called. Henceforth I did not lead my life. It led me” (Getlein 80). Soon after, Henri began to take classes at the Academie Julian to prepare himself for the entrance examination at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (Essers 7). Henri failed his first attempt, leading to his departure from the Academie. He then enrolled at the Ecole des Arts decoratifs and that is where his friendship with Albert Marquet began. They started working alongside of Gustave Moreau, a distinguished teacher at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, even though they had not been accepted (Essers 12). In 1895, Henri finally passed the Beaux-Arts entrance examination and his pathway to his new career choice had officially begun.
Pierre was educated at home by his brother and his parents. Some would have considered Pierre slow, but his father believed that he was simply reflective and independent. Eugene realized that Pierre was capable of intense concentration, but easily distracted. Most of Pierre’s free time was spent outside in the woods. Often times he even brought home specimens of minerals, flora and fauna (Bailey).
The man behind the works of the Statue of Liberty, was born in France 1834, his name was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Wanting to fight for liberty, he went to New York harbor. This land looked like a perfect place for a statue, continuing its construction in 1875; Bartholdi used many women as models, including his own mother Charlotte. He had Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, the man behind the creation of the Eiffel Tower build supporters for the statue as it was under construction. Bartholdi died in 1904; he was only seventy years of age.
Emilie du Chatelet was not a conventional woman, given the time. Like many girls at the time she was educated at home. She valued her independence and wanted to marry someone who would value it as well. She married Marquise du Chatelet-Laumont in 1725. At the age of 27 she had her last child and went back to her study of mathematics. She wanted to join the discussion in salons, but was not admitted to join until she went dressed as a man. “Emilie’s interest in mathematics and science overlapped with her affairs of the heart.” She had a fling with one of her tutors, Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertius. Her affair with Voltaire lasted until the end of her life.
Built in 1889 to commemorate the hundred year anniversary of the French Revolution, the Eiffel Tower has been a topic of discussion for numerous years. Designed by Gustave Eiffel and Morris Koechlin, the Tower was built originally as a temporary structure. The pieces of this eye-catching building were to be disassembled and melted down after twenty years. This did not happen, however. The Eiffel Tower has become a colossal icon throughout the world; the Tower has brought in enormous revenue and has a scientific impact on French and all of Europe’s society.
At age 16, Dirichlet had finished his school credentials and was able to attend a university. However, the German universities were not up to par, thus allowing Dirichlet to explore other forms of education in Paris. While the German Universities were lacking at the time, in only a few more years they would be world renown for their ...
Comte was born in the south of France in a city called Montpellier on January 19, 1788. He was the eldest of four children. His father Louis-Auguste Comte was a tax official and his mother, Félicité-Rosalie Boyer was twelve years older than his father. His parents were both of Roman Catholic faith and royalists. He attended the Citadel of Montpellier and the University of Montpellier. Comte also attended the École Polytechnique. While attending the Citadel of Montpellier, he abandoned the beliefs of his parents and picked up the beliefs of a movement called republicanism. “From 1818 to 1824 he contributed to the publications of Saint-Simon, and the direction of much of Comte's future work may be attributed to this association...
At age 13 Le Corbusier had finished and left grade school to move on to attend Arts Decoratifs in his home city of La Chaux-de-Fonds. Here a young Le would learn the art of facing watches, just like his father, through enameling and engraving. While attending Arts Decoratifs Le Corbusier was under the influence of his teacher L’ Eplattenier who he would later refer to as his “Master” and only teacher. Under L’ Eplattenier’s instruction a young Le Corbusier would learn the history of art, drawing and the naturalistic attributes of newly developed art. With his in depth teachings of art Le Corbusier soon abandoned his previous career of watch making and further continued his education in decoration and art intending to eventually...