Introduction
Unlike most basins, the headwaters of the Klamath River are in the high desert of the Great Basin in eastern Oregon and travel south through the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Coast Mountain Range in north Central California, before finally draining into the Pacific Ocean in coastal California. The river basin spans a total of 5,700 square miles in an hourglass formation and includes parts of three counties in Oregon and five counties in California (Bureau of Reclamation 2016). The communities living in the “upside down” basin are as diverse as its climatic ranges in their cultures and livelihoods, but are bound by their reliance on the same sources of water.
Prior to settlement by whites, the Klamath River Basin(KRB) was
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Historically, the Modoc Tribe lived in the region around Lower Link River and Clear Lake, the Yahooskin lived east of the Yamsay Mountain, and the Klamath Tribe lived along Klamath Lake. Historically, the tribes relied on two fish species, lost river and short nose sucker, as major components of their diet and traded with tribes in the lower basin for other staples, such as salmon. The Return of the cwaam ceremony is still held by the Klamath Tribes to celebrate the return of the fish runs at the end of March (Klamath Tribe …show more content…
A group of historically antagonistic stakeholders attempted to compromise on water allocation, economic development, dam relicensing, and environmental restoration along the Klamath River and its tributaries. The current and historical resource conflicts in the KRB are symptomatic of its long history of environmental exploitation, and the conflicting uses of numerous livelihoods which depend on water for endurance (Doremus and Tarlock 2007). For nearly a century, clashes between fishers, tribes, environmentalists, and farmers have peaked and ebbed with water shortages and wet years. The Euro-American colonial legacy and the settlement and occupation of native territories has resulted in the dispossession of indigenous lands and waters, as well as the strict regulation of indigenous access to waters formerly under their jurisdiction by American government forces (Most 2006). The Klamath Hydroelectric Project(KHP) and its associated dams constructed along the Klamath River in the first half of the 20th century proved catastrophic for the region’s ocean and river fishing economies and indigenous livelihoods(Spain, Interview 9/19/2016). The causal link between dams and decreasing anadromous salmon populations was scientifically unfounded until the late 1990’s. Previously, decreasing salmon stocks were attributed to overfishing by indigenous peoples the
Behind Millerton Lake, lies an existing structure made up of concrete of 319 foot high, this dam is called the Friant Dam. In the San Joaquin Valley below the project's authority of Fresno, Madera, Kern, and Tulare; the water holds and deliver up to a million acres. In 1933 and throughout 1934, the state couldn't find enough contributors to buy revenues bonds to complete the project. Luckily, the River and Harbors Act of 1935 by the United States Congress came through and financed under the United State Army Corps of Engineers.
Hydrosphere of the Mississippi River A Case Study of * River management * People interfering in the hydrosphere * A flood management scheme River Basin / Catchment area The source of the river is the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains to the north. There are many hundreds of tributaries including the Red River, Missouri river and the river Ohio. The mountains form the river's watershed. From Minneapolis the river flows South-East into Iowa where it flows south as far as Davenport. At Davenport it is joined by more small tributaries.
The positive aspects of ‘Lake’ Powell are few yet noteworthy. Glen Canyon Dam’s hydroelectric power-plant generates one thousand three hundred mega watts of electricity at full operation. That is enough power to supply three hundred fifty thousand homes. Glen Canyon Dam holds twenty seven million acre feet of water, which is equivalent to twice the Colorado River’s annual flow (Living Rivers: What about the hydroelectric loss?). One of the most valuable reasons for the dam to remain active is that “Lake Powell generates four hundred fifty five million dollars per year in tourist revenue, without this cash inflow, gas-and-motel towns . . . would undoubtedly wilt, and surrounding counties and states would lose a substantial tax base” (Farmer 185). These positive aspects are of no surprise considering they are the reason dams are built in the first place.
Policies are often put in place without regards for the effect it will have on other areas, people, or wildlife. Several examples of these unintended consequences are shown in the documentary Salmon: Running the Gauntlet, which explains the effects that human activity, dams, and attempts to repopulate the salmon species have been implemented and failed. With proper evaluation at the onset of a major project, these severe consequences may be avoided.
The purpose of this paper is to explain and highlight different aspects of the Powder River Basin to include paleogeography, stratigraphy, maturation history of organic material, vitrinite reflectance data, sulfur content, both historical and current production data, as well as the environmental impact in the basin.
Rosenau, Marvin Leslie, and Mark Angelo. Conflicts Between Agriculture And Salmon In The Eastern Fraser Valley / Prepared By Marvin L. Rosenau And Mark Angelo. n.p.: Vancouver : Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council, c2005., 2005. UFV Library Catalogue
The California water drought has been declared a crisis by the governor of California. 2013 was the driest year on record, and California could be running out of water. Californians should be water wise, and their use, or no use, of water will have an enormous impact on this drought. They can use the techniques published in a recent Time article called, 5 Ways to Bust California’s Drought, to reduce their water use. Landscape techniques, alternate water sources, and the personal conservation of water can reduce the use of water, and can have a positive change on this water crisis.
This Paper will describe and analyze three articles pertaining to the ongoing debate for and against Glen Canyon Dam. Two of these articles were found in the 1999 edition of A Sense of Place, and the third was downloaded off a site on the Internet (http://www.glencanyon.net/club.htm). These articles wi...
Grinde, Donald, and Bruce Johansen. Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers, 1995. Print.
Due to the lack of knowledge of indigenous history and culture, non-indigenous peoples unknowingly hold a privileged thinking related to land claims and indigenous livelihood. Similarly, “Canada’s Wild Rice Wars,” presents an ongoing conflict between residents of Pigeon Lake, Canada, and James Whetung. In an attempt to bring back the popularity and tradition of farming wild rice in the indigenous culture, Whetung has been growing the rice on the shorelines of the lake. This poses a problem to the residents as they have trouble using the lake. Owners state how in recent years the amount of rice growing has increased dramatically and now poses a problem when they wish to use the beach or go boating. While I can sympathize with the residents desire
For about five years California has experienced above average temperatures and a lack of rain. This lack of rain and snowfall has caused California to become increasingly dry, starting arguments over whose right to water is more important and who needs to be more mindful with their use of water. Farming in California truly began during the gold rush when water was redirected to land where food was grown for those looking for gold (Siegler, 2015). The farmers that have stayed on that land now have senior water rights (“Water wars”, 2015). Farmers that settled their land before 1914 are those with senior water rights (Terrell, 2015). Governor Jerry Brown has called for a cut in water use by one-quarter percent to people living
The controversy over water rights has been a long battle that the Navajo Nation has endured for decades. This controversy which is complicated by numerous issues has only been increasing in recent years. For example the Navajo Hopi Little Colorado Water Settlement that has been in litigation for 33 years. Of particular note Navajo people and their elected officials are struggling to balance expectations with reality including legally mandated coordination with state and federal governments. As a result there has been notable conflict in resources associated with water management. These fundamental issues have been exasperated by a host of concerns: (1) deceased water availability due to drought or water development; (2) long litigation proceedings, (3) growing demands to use “Navajo Water” to meet non-Navajo energy needs in the southwest including coal consumption, uranium exploration-mining and natural gas fracking, and (4) the confusion of Indian Water Rights held separate from the United States water rights systems.
All lives revolve around decisions and instances from ones past. In A River Runs Through It (1992), director Robert Redford uses this idea and applies it to a true story of two brothers from Montana, Norman and Paul Maclean (Craig Sheffer and Brad Pitt, respectively). Based on the autobiographical novel by Norman Maclean himself, River uses Maclean’s metaphysical beliefs about life and nature to present its many themes. Using a longing score, various film devices, and a story line involving themes of youth, loss, and the pitfalls of pride, Robert Redford crafts a film about the beauty of the past.
Mother nature has taken the biggest beating of all when it come to pollution. It seems that we just dump our trash wherever we want. We don’t see the true impact these actions have on our environment until it 's too late. Once we realize what 's been done the damage has already been done, it 's irreversible. The Citarum River Basin located in Indonesia has suffered the most. Textile factories located along the coast have dumped toxic waste in the the river causing illnesses and death, we need to clean up the Citarum River. With all this The Citarum River has to return to a place where people feel safe.
With the dynamics of flood risk governance, there is a strong need for the inclusion and recognition of the knowledge that indigenous people possess for the natural environment, including natural hazards. Indigenous inclusion is an important factor in natural hazard planning because of the call for the recognition of indigenous rights. In particular, significant attention has been paid the role that indigenous peoples can play in the governance of the natural management of the country, including the natural hazard risks that face communities.