The Italian Wars
Italy was the background for outside powers between the French invasion of 1494 and the accession of Francis 1 in 1515 for different reasons.
Between these years, the States of Italy were invaded on a number occasions by armies from France, Spain and other countries. At this time, the Italian States were very vulnerable; there were conflicts in Italy itself, they had out of date military equipment and Italy had insecure frontiers and unreliable allies – “That Italy failed to organise herself against invaders was due to the selfish policies.” This gave outside powers reason to use Italy as their battleground. Italy was a very wealthy country, showing this wealth, a Florentine Historian, Guicciardini said “Italy has never enjoyed such prosperity or known so favourable a situation” Also, because the Pope lived in Italy, it gave enemies more incentive to fight in Italy as opposed to any other country.
Another reason for Italy being the battleground was that foreign powers felt they had dynastic claims to certain states and therefore felt obliged to fight for them.
I feel the most important reason why outside powers chose Italy to fight in was basically because they ‘could.’ Italy was divided, unstable and disunited; there were even civil disputes e.g. when Venice and its neighbour Ferrara went to war. It was hard to keep foreign powers out of their country because they weren’t working together; each state was not strong enough to protect Italy on its own. The Papacy also didn’t help in keeping enemies out – “there was always scope for dissension between them (Orsini and Colonna); and while they remained armed before the very eyes of the pontiff, they kept the papacy weak and insecure.” Also, it was playing its usual game of self interest.
Pope Leo X in 1513 set about promoting the interests of himself and his family. He was prepared to negotiate for French aid to further his ambitions – this lead to more foreign powers (especially France), being able to easily use Italy as the main battleground. It can be disputed that the most important reason for Italy being the battle ground was that it was wealthy, but I feel that even though it was wealthy, there were certainly other wealthy states which could have been the battleground, had Italy not been such an easy target, with certain assets other countries did not have.
This leads me to the next important reason why Italy was the battle ground; wealth.
Ginsborg P (1990). ‘A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics: 1943-1980’ Published by Penguin; Reprint edition (27 Sep 1990).
Multiple historians have touched on the change in government during Fascist Italy’s reign in World War II. In Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Alexander De Grand clarifies the many promises Benito Mussolini fabricated for the Italian people in order to get them to join his cause such as the improvement on poverty with the rise of a new Roman Empire. De Grand also gives an opposite view, with some citizens seeing Fascism as a “model of efficiency.” In Melton S. Davis’ Who Defends Rome?, t...
country. The Italians did not take help or aid from anyone for any reason. They brought
...onflict with the emperor which the Swedish armies desired. France however by becoming ensnared in this political manoeuvre had the opportunity to be seen as saviour of the German Princes a protector of German liberties and not as an invader into Germany as others would have wished them to be seen. This proved to be a strategic move by Richelieu and Louis XIII. Further to this northern Italy could also claim the protection of France in so far as Pinerolo and Casale were occupied by French forces and neutralised the Milanese whereby the Spanish forces there couldn’t attach other states in the area. In July 1635 the Treaty of Rivoli was agreed between the French and the dukes of Savoy and Parma strengthening France’s power in the region even though she didn’t quite get the anti-Spanish league she had hoped for across northern Italy.(p 330 France under Rich & Louis.)
The existence of self-government in the Northern Italian towns and cities was possible due to various reasons. In part it was location. The first crusades brought huge amounts of people and wealth into the maritime cities such as Genoa Pisa and also Venice. In consequence a great amount of trade was stimulated throughout Northern Italy and toward the inland towns and cities of Milan, Florence Ravenna and Pad ova to name a few.
...rica. Harriet not only accomplished to lead the people who were hungry for freedom into the arms liberty, but gave herself self-contentment to feel that she did something for her people. Harriet Tubman was a very noble, warm hearted and extremely brave person. For the fact that she was willing to not only risk her life leading the slaves into freedom even though she had already reached liberty. She decided to risk her life various times by going back into the danger of getting captured while she was guiding all the other 300 slaves into liberty. Harriet Tubman’s life was one of the harshest and one of the gloomiest ever known. It’s astonishing to realize that besides the fact her life was so devastating and filled with tragic happenings she managed to do something about her imprisonment as a slave, and not only that, but also help out all the other salves as well.
The first reason I stated for my argument was that Tubman inconspicuously freed the 300 slaves that she did. Harriet Tubman was an abolitionist just like others, but she did not opt for writing letters or speaking out. She had a different approach which was to secretly free slaves herself. Born into slavery, Harriet Tubman knew from the time she was a child that she wanted to be free. In 1849, she was helped to escape by an abolitionist couple and in 1850 she became a conductor of the UGRR. I say that she was more successful by freeing slaves in secret because she could have chosen to speak out like most abolitionists did, but she decided to join the UGRR and lead slaves to freedom secretly; this way she would not have to take to public speaking and things of that nature to convince states to free slaves, instead she could secretly do it and accomplish much more.
Throughout the 19th century slavery was prevalent in the United States. African Americans were treated harshly and unequally and struggled tremendously to achieve social and political equality. The North and South fought back and fourth about free and slave territories which eventually led to the civil war. Harriet Tubman was an African American woman born into slavery. She was an abolitionist,humanitarian and Union spy, who desperately believed that all slaves should be free. Tubman took extreme risks in trying to get slaves to safety through the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman’s contributions as the conductor of the Underground Railroad and her role in the Civil War had crucial influence in the emancipation of slaves. Her perseverance helped lead to social equality between Whites and African Americans and changed the history of the United States. Harriet Tubman was an American icon who’s bravery and heroic actions led to great impacts throughout America.
Harriet Tubman was a selfless woman, who devoted her life to save others. Many other slaves from the South escaped to freedom in the North like Tubman. Many of these people stayed where they were free, frightened to go anywhere near the South again. However, that was not Tubman, she was different. She wanted everyone to have the feeling of freedom that she had newly discovered. Harriet was known “to bring people of her race from bondage to liberty,” (S Bradford et al 1869). Harriet Tubman was known as a hero to lots of people during the Civil War.
West and Russia, Scandanavia, and the Ottomans in the East. As Italy defends against France
In the 1840¹s and 1850¹s American abolitionist¹s were a small minority in every part of the country. Harriet Tubman was one of the women who joined the attack on slavery. She stood out from most of the other abolitionists. The evidence that I will present to you shows how she wasn¹t satisfied merely to be free or even to give speeches against slavery. Harriet Tubman was important to the abolition movement because she put her ideas to action.
Afterwards Pope Leo X decided to look upon political affairs, one of his chief goals were to keep Italy independent from France and Spain who were wanting to gain control (Knight, 2009). The small Italian states were forced to join the France, Spain or the Holy Empire as the competing armies marched through Italy. Pope Leo X ran from one to another to prevent them from gaining control of Italy. He then joined the Holy Empire to drive the French out of Italy. However this did not last long so the two began working on the peace settlement, Pope Leo X was forced to do all the giving, the French King wanted the most important statues, two northern cities in Italy, etc. T...
Some of the main economic powers of the renaissance were Italian city states. The first, Milan, was in northern Italy. Milan, the center of trade and money with a large tax, was ruled by Visconti and was later taken over by Sforza. Next was Venice, which was the link of Asia and the western world. Venice was a republic with a doge, or an elected leader, and was ruled by merchants and aristocrats. Lastly, was Florence which became the cul...
He decided his position further by denouncing the Central Powers for being reactionary powers; for pursuing imperialist designs against Belgium and Serbia as well as historically against Denmark, France, and against Italians, since hundreds of thousands of Italians were under Habsburg rule. He claimed that the fall of Hohenzollern and Habsburg monarchies and the repression of "reactionary" Turkey would create conditions beneficial for the working class. While he was supportive of the Entente powers, Mussolini responded to the conservative nature of Tsarist Russia by claiming that the mobilization required for the war would undermine Russia's reactionary authoritarianism and the war would bring Russia to social revolution. He claimed that for Italy the war would complete the process of Risorgimento b
Technology has given individuals the opportunity to change the game of bullying. Cyber-bullying is one of the most common forms of bullying as of today. The Internet has no boundaries so the public has access to endless and countless number of things. Cyber-bully is the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person (as a student) often done anonymously according to Merriam-Webster dictionary. While traditionally bullying and cyber-bullying are very comparable in forms of technique that also have many differences. Cyber-bullying gives the bully the benefit of hiding their identity behind a screen. This makes it easier to tear people down because they do not have to come in contact with anyone. It’s the easiest form of bullying. These can happen in text messages, chat rooms, email, websites, excluding people from certain online activities, digital photos, and social media. Cyber bullies have unlimited supplies of ways to hurt someone. It is difficult to conduct a study on cyber-bullying because the majority of people will not confess or admit to it. Instead, in the article “Cyber-bullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct.” Researchers sit and listen through the grapevine on what is going on inside of schools. They found out that cyber-bullying is more dealt with within adolescents than traditional interaction bullying. (Mehari, K. R., Farrell, A. D., & Le, A. H.) Cyber-bullying can cause more