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History of the development of the internet
History of the development of the internet
History of the development of the internet
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What is the Internet? The question is actually difficult to answer, because the answer is continually changing with time. About a decade ago, the Internet would have been, “All networks, using the IP protocol, that collaborate to form a seamless network for their collective users.” But more recently the Internet itself consists of thousands of independent networks at academic institutions, military installations, government agencies, commercial enterprises, and other organizations. (Long, 197) When one gets on the Internet they are exposed to everything the Internet can give them. They can chat with people from all over the world, view the thousands of files, and send electronic mail. The possibilities of the Internet are endless. The Internet was first started as a U.S. Defense Department network called the ARPAnet. The ARPAnet was an experimental network designed to support military research. In particular, research about how to build networks that could withstand partial outages and still function. Say in a nuclear war, if one part of the network was to be disabled, the network would still be operational. (Krol, 11) To send a message across the ARPAnet, a computer only had to put its data in an envelope, called an Internet Protocol packet or IP, and address the packets correctly. The communicating computers –not the network itself-were also given the responsibility to ensure that the communication was accomplished. The philosophy was that every computer on the network could talk, as a peer, with any other computer. (Krol, 11) In 1971, the ARPAnet included more than 20 sites. Ten years later in 1981, more than 200 sites were linked. (Krol 11) After a couple of years passed, ARPAnet had grown so much that they needed to make rules to govern the ever-growing network. The rules were called the standard protocol, and would allow communication between dissimilar computers and networks. As time went on the networks gradually adapted to each other and fused together to form the Internet. And because of this the ARPAnet was no longer needed, and ceased to exist. (Long, 198) How does the Internet work? The Internet is built around the concept of “layers of service.” This level consists of wires and hardware, and not always very good wires. Then you add a layer of basic software to shield yourself from the problems of hardware. You add, yet, another layer of software to give the basic software some desirable features. You continue to add functionality and smarts to the network, one layer at a time, until you have something that is useful.
The United States federal government funded new developments in computer science, which resulted in the creation of ARPANET, a project that connected computer systems at five universities with the intent that if one server was destroyed, the connection would remain due to the four other locations . This fundamental structure of the internet was developed as a peer-to-peer system, which means that there is no central control point in the network, therefore the internet is arranged like a web, in which all pieces of information travel as equals. The interconnectivity of the internet resulted in the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, which is an internet program that developed the internet into a massive, interactive mass medium
The Internet was started over three decades ago as a US government sponsored project. The Internet originally connected several universities and the government; it eventually grew to include some private companies/research labs. As such, the initial users of the Internet were scientists/technologists who were well versed in the workings of the network (and who did not have the malicious intents of modern hackers). The motivation of the Internet at this time was to provide a robust nationwide communication network and to allow for the sharing of scientific research/resources around the nation1. The original architecture of the Internet is often described as an end-to-end architecture. The end-to-end architecture is a decentralized one in which a “mechanism should not be placed in the network if it can be placed at the end node” 2. This type of design keeps the core of the network simple and generic.
As time went on, work started on something that would ultimately change the world. A group of engineers were sanctioned by the U.S. Government and started working on a series of networked computers that would be used by the military to send and store secret information between bases. Originally there were only four computers connected to different research labs around the country. But that quickly expanded as they found solutions such as TCP/IP to help standardize on how data would be delivered from client to server. The name of this project was called ARPAnet and stands for the Advanced Research Project Agency which was a branch of the military that worked on secret systems during the cold war. ARPAnet was essentially the grandfather of the Internet and helped t...
The Internet is made up of thousands of computers from around the world, these computers are linked up together though cables and satellites. Often people think the Internet is a “cloud,” but it’s a physical object. It is made up of servers and clients, which are usually made out of plastic and metal, containing a series of electronic circuits, for example; wires, glass, fibre optics, chips and other simular parts to used make a circuit. The Internet is used for a wide range of activities; these are, sending files, research on the World Wide Web (WWW), online chatting and electronic mail service. Humans are so dependant on the Internet because it holds most of our private information in servers around the world.
The definition of the Internet put in one sentence is: A worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange, where anyone with a computer can access the internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
The Internet is a gigantic collection of millions of computers that are all linked together on a computer network.
Tim Berners-Lee's vision for the World Wide Web was close to a P2P network in that it assumed each user of the web would be an active editor and contributor, creating and linking content to form an interlinked "web" of links. The early Internet was more open than present day, where two machines connected to the Internet could send packets to each other without firewalls and other security measures. This contrasts to the broadcasting-like structure of the web as it has developed over the years. As a precursor to the Internet, ARPANET was a successful client-server network where "every participating node could request and serve content." However, ARPANET was not self-organized and it lacked the ability to "provide any means for context or content based routing beyond 'simple' addressed based
Exploring The Internet The Internet is like a network of networks where any computer can link up to information stored within it. It is accessed by a telecommunications line and a modulator-demodulator (MODEM). It is brought to your computer screen by converting analogue telephone signals into digital computer signals. There are many advantages and disadvantages on the Internet.
The Internet is a common tool that has progressed exponentially and is ever present in daily life. It takes place in business, in education, and even in free time. It has resulted in pushing forward mankind as a whole.
..., the ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) started in late 1960s.Its main objective was to provide network links between universities, research organization and remote computer centers. No person, government or an entity owns or controls internet. Instead, a nongovernmental international volunteer organization called the internet society (ISOC) controls the standards and the future of the internet.
The internet is a total of mediums which are connected between them with channels of communication. The internet is actually an internet after it connects to smaller networks of many countries. The internet rouses the computer and the world of the communications like nothing else before. The invention of the computer, of the telephone, of the telegraph etc, set the stage for this unprecedented completion of faculties. The internet becomes right away a world capable radio broadcast, a mechanism for the distribution of information and a means for the cooperation and the interaction between the individuals and their computers, being indifferent to the geographic place.
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
The Internet is the name for a group of worldwide information resources. These resources are so vast as to be well beyond the comprehension of a single human being. "Not only is there no one who understands all of the Internet, there is no one who even understands most of the Internet" (Harley 2). The Internet is often thought of as a computer network, or sometimes a group of computer networks connected to one another. The computer networks are simply the medium that carries the information. The beauty and utility of the Internet lie in the information itself that is being transmitted.
To understand the current global market of the internet, one must first understand how the internet was built. The internet initially started out as the APARNET in the 1960’s, it was set up by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in September of 1969. ARPA created ARPANET as a way to mobilize research sources in order to build up technological military superiority over the Soviet Union. The original goal was to create an interactive computer network, after this was successful. Scientists wanted to find a way to make the connection to other computers; this created the new concept of a “network of networks” (Castells, 2001: p. 11).
Many years ago a network was born having several computers connected and now, that same network has millions of computers connected at all times, it's called the Internet. This paper will explain the evolution and growth of the Internet. I will offer a guided tour though the evolution of the Internet and explain what this effect has on its growth and popularity. It's like a plague growing across the world, signs of its growth are seen everywhere. The Internet was started as an experiment to test networks to try and develop a network that could survive a nuclear attack. While the net has never needed to survive a nuclear blast its design has proven again and again how robust it is. It has with stood many an attack from construction, people digging up cables, to lightning blowing up a router. The network has always recovered and bypassed the problem. The Internet began as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) during the cold war in 1969. It was developed by the US Department of Defense's (DOD) research people in conjunction with a number of military contractors and universities to explore the possibility of a communication network that could survive a nuclear attack. It continued simply because the DOD, DOD's contractors, and the universities found that it provided a very convenient way to communicate (Wendell). The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, e-mail quickly becomes the most popular application. The ARPANET became a high-speed digital post-office as people used it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. By 1971 the ARPANET gr...