The Inherent Safety Index (ISI) In the early stage of process development of chemical plant, an inherent safety should be considered when the major decision on the chemical process is made. Therefore, an Inherent Safety Index (ISI) is proposed for conceptual chemical process design (Heikkil, 1999). The Inherent Safety Index (ISI) was developed to take into account a large scope of the process step with including reaction route and separation sections (Rahman, Heikkilä, & Hurme, 2005). The Inherent Safety Index (ISI) was developed from the selected inherent safety parameters for conceptual process design. The list of parameters present in the conceptual process design are heat of reaction, flammability, explosiveness, total exposure, pressure, …show more content…
The method proposed is wished-for analyzing the choice of the process route such as the raw materials and the sequence of the reaction steps. The Prototype Index of Inherent Safety (PIIS) is usable method which has been developed in the preliminary process design in order to select the best process route which is safer to aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environment (Koller et al., 2000). This is because the selection chemical process route is the key of design decision at the preliminary design stage of chemical plant production (Cave & Edwards, 1997). The Prototype Index of Inherent Safety (PIIS) is applied from the calculation of a total score of the sum of the chemical score and a process score. The chemical score consists of inventory, flammability, explosiveness and toxicity while for the process score, it consists of process temperature, pressure and yield and it is summarized as shown in Table 2.3. Table 2.3: The elements included in the safety analysis methods. Safety analysis method Documents
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
The term “safety comes first” or more simply put, “safety first,” is a message that patients not only want to hear, but also want to know is the focus of the professionals that are caring for them; in particular, when they are under anesthesia and have limited or no ability to speak up or lookout for themselves. The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) has implemented two initiatives; Rocognising and Responding Appropriately to Early Signs of Deterioration in Hospitalised Patients (NPSA, 2007) and How to Guide: Five Steps to Safer Surgery (NPSA, 2010). Understanding that human beings make up the healthcare professional workforce, it is evident that tools and checklist can and will only be as good as the how people utilize and follow them. Thus, these initiatives “have been developed with consideration of human factors” (Beaumont & Russell, 2012). I know firsthand, that if my healthcare team would have followed these standards, I would have avoided torture, fear, and long term side effects from a routine hysterectomy procedure.
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. (March 20, 2007). Final Investigation Report. Retrieved July 26, 2010, from U.S. Chemical and Safety Board: http://www.csb.gov/assets/document/CSBFinalReportBP.pdf
Predictions may be made about the suitability of possible catalysts by assuming that the mechanism of catalysis consists of two stages, either of which can be first:
Because of various limitations, one cannot prepare for every type of release, however, the plan can be written to address those releases that can most likely occur. Regardless, hazardous materials response plans must be designed to minimize hazards to human health and the resulting environment during the intentional or accidental release of a hazardous material. The plan should be written under the authority permitted b...
For this a risk assessment strategy should be developed. For making the strategy, the possible risks should be evaluated. A list of possible risks associated with the results and the information of the research paper should be formed.
Aviation industry deals with more than thousands of people and also spending millions of funds in order to meet the requirements, satisfy the necessities of people and to produce state-of-the-art aircraft. With its objective it is significant to consider the hazards involved and bring out an output with the least extent and under control risks to prevent any loss in terms of life and even profit.
Živković, Snežana; Takić, Ljiljana; Živković, Nenad UNAPREĐENJE EKOLOŠKIH PERFORMANSI PRIMENOM STANDARDA ISO 14001 - STUDIJA SLUČAJ.. Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2013, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p541-552. 12p. DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ120513088Z. ,
Technological and accidental hazards can be occur without warning and can be both hazardous material incidents and failures at nuclear power plant. In some cases, victims that have been exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation show little to no symptoms until several years later. There are an increasing number of new substances and chemicals being manufactured which has increased the likelihood of a hazardous material spill or release. This also increases the risk to the environment and to the health and safety of a community.
All the students should ensure that no experiment should be left while in progress at all times. Chemical Handling Chemicals are hazardous and highly dangerous materials that are capable of causing harm and injury if carelessly handled. All the chemicals in the lab should be labeled clearly, and users should refrain from interchanging the labels. Chemicals should be categorized according to their toxicity and reactivity with different elements (Hill & Finster, 2011). When using chemicals, students must wear provided gloves and avoid touching any chemical with bare hands.
During risk evaluation, the results of risk analysis are reviewed to determine which risks require treatment; based on comparing the risk level to the defined risk criteria. ISO (2009) suggests specifying three ranges for risk level: tolerable risks, potentially tolerable risks, and intolerable risks:
As the first step, identify potential risks plays a crucial role in the risk management process. The core purpose of identifying risk is to figure out causes of risk and analyze result caused by the risks and its probability . Hence, risk identification can begin with the source of problem, or with the problem itself. The chosen method of identifying risk may depend on culture, industry practice and compliance. The identification
Hazardous material accidents are common in warehouses and industries, the employ should provide a safe place to store the hazardous material, and the workers should have a good knowledge about how to response with that accidents and how to use the correct PPE and what control measures should be taken in that kind of accidents.
It’s true what everyone talks about safety – you are the key to your safety, when you do it safely you do it the right way and the best gift you can give to your family is to always stay safe. We have been taught by our parents and teachers to be cautious while doing a number of things. That’s very essential in our daily lives, because one needs to be extra cautious to prevent unavoidable accidents. However, mishaps do happen everywhere in the safest of places, no matter how careful we are in our actions. It is highly unpredictable, what’s going to happen the very next instant. There are numerous incidences we come across like simple trips, falls, cuts due to sharp objects, burns or sudden worsening of a person’s health condition, causing
A hazard is defined as an activity or object that has the potential to cause harm if contact is made with the person, object or activity (MHS, 1996; Harmse, 2007; HSE, 2006). These hazards in a work place need to be identified and dealt with accordingly to prevent any harm to employees or any individual acquainted to a certain activity or establishment. The key roles and principles of occupational hygiene are Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and Control (Schoeman and van den Heever, 2014; Harmse, 2008; SAMTRAC, 2012). To practise in accordance to the above principle; a hazard identification and risk assessment needs to be conducted. Anticipation is the foreseeing of the activity