"The future was sunset; the past something to leave behind. And if it didn't stay behind, well, you might have to stomp it out. Slave life; freed life-every day was a test and a trial. Nothing could be counted on in a world where even when you were a solution you were a problem"1
The past is something that, without clinical illness, is impossible to forget. No matter how horrific or emotionally damaging, it cannot be changed. What we chose to do with this memory of the past will shape our future. This lesson is one of the most important themes in Toni Morison's novel, Beloved.
History was not only a significant theme in the novel, but the book was also very historical itself. I had learned and educated myself very thoroughly on the issue of slavery before I read this novel. Reading this novel I felt as if I were experiencing slavery first hand. Morrison creates her characters and chooses her words so poetically it is impossible to not see the beauty of the way she portrays this historical event. "It is a meditation on history." Says history professor Elsa Barkly Brown of Maryland University. Professor Ira Berlin continues, "The discipline of history is such that it limits the imagination. Morrison has an extraordinary imagination, an extraordinary ability to take us into the world of slavery and freedom. Beloved is an attempt to do something which no historian can do." 2
Morrison also has a very creative and entertaining way of slowly revealing each characters past to the reader. The novel goes back and forth between the present and each of the characters pasts. At times it may get confusing to the reader, but it was not meant to be understood at all times. That left many spaces open for the reader to insert thei...
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...g. 256 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
2 Marcus, Brad. "Diamond Back." Panel discusses Toni Morrison's Beloved. 04 Dec. 1998. Diamond Back Newspaper . 18. Oct. 2001. <http://www.inform.umd.edu/News/Diamondback/1998-editions/12-Dec/04-Friday/News7.htm>.
3Pg. 95 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
4 Pg. 198 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
5 Robinson, Mary and Fulkerson, Kris. Cliffs Notes Morrison's Beloved. Fster City: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., .
6 Pg. 182 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
7 Pg. 243 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
8 Pg. 262 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
9 Pg. 266 Morrison,Toni. Beloved. New York: Penquin Books Inc., 1988.
McKay, Nellie, editor, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison, G.K. Hall, 1988. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Rigney, Barbara.
By reviewing these three articles, it is clear that Morrison does indeed incorporate African religions and Christianity to navigate the storyline of Beloved. Even though some scholars might differ in their opinion on how Morrison incorporates religion into her novel, it is proven that religion was a vital part in Morrison’s approach to writing the novel, Beloved.
Wyatt, Jean. “Body to the Word: The Maternal Symbolic in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” PMLA, Vol. 108, No.3 (May, 1993): 474-488. JSTOR. Web. 27. Oct. 2015.
What is a healthy confusion? Does the work produce a mix of feelings? Curiosity and interest? Pleasure and anxiety? One work comes to mind, Beloved. In the novel, Beloved, Morrison creates a healthy confusion in readers by including the stream of consciousness and developing Beloved as a character to support the theme “one’s past actions and memories may have a significant effect on their future actions”.
Toni Morrison does not use any words she doesn’t need to. She narrates the story plainly and simply, with just a touch of bleak sadness. Her language has an uncommon power because of this; her matter-of-factness makes her story seem more real. The shocking unexpectedness of the one-sentence anecdotes she includes makes the reader think about what she says. With this unusual style, Morrison’s novel has an enthralling intensity that is found in few other places
508-510. “Toni Morrison.” Literature Resource Center. Feb. 1, 2004. The Gale Group.
As much as society does not want to admit, violence serves as a form of entertainment. In media today, violence typically has no meaning. Literature, movies, and music, saturated with violence, enter the homes of millions everyday. On the other hand, in Beloved, a novel by Toni Morrison, violence contributes greatly to the overall work. The story takes place during the age of the enslavement of African-Americans for rural labor in plantations. Sethe, the proud and noble protagonist, has suffered a great deal at the hand of schoolteacher. The unfortunate and seemingly inevitable events that occur in her life, fraught with violence and heartache, tug at the reader’s heart-strings. The wrongdoings Sethe endures are significant to the meaning of the novel.
Leadership can be defined as the method in which one influences a group of individuals for a common goal. There have many great leaders in the world but these leaders are not born leaders. One must have willpower and the desire to become an effective leader. These leaders become dependent upon based upon their abilities and their success. A leader is looked upon for guidance and the inspiration to know what the right thing to do is. The theoretical foundations of the research of leadership are firmly supported. To better understand the foundations and understand the focus of leadership, it is essential to have knowledge of the history of leadership, the meaning and concept of leadership, types of leaders and leadership styles, and issues in leadership such as issues with culture and gender. According to Antonakis (2004), “leadership researchers have struggled for most of the last century to put together an integrated, theoretically cohesive view of the nature of leadership, invariably leading to disappointment in those who studied it” (p.4). An overview of the history of leadership is necessary to understand the concept of leadership because it also provides a framework for other areas of leadership. In any conventional group, individuals fill different role and one of those roles must the leader which is essential for the group to achieve it purposes.
The religious references imbue the novel with greater meaning; Sethe’s story becomes much larger than its beginning or its end. Her story spans the Old and the New Testament, following the struggles of Cain to the sacrifice of the Christ. Sethe emerges as a universal figure, drawing together the disparate parts of the Creator, the Son and the Holy Spirit. At the end of the novel, Morrison claims that “This is not a story to pass on” (324); however, her use of timeless imagery refutes that idea. Her story becomes part of the enduring dialogue about the nature of good and evil as well as redemption and sin. Sethe’s specific experiences put a face on the experience of slavery, and coupled with the biblical allusions which add gravity to her suffering, ensure that this will, indeed, be a story to pass
So often, the old adage, "History always repeats itself," rings true due to a failure to truly confront the past, especially when the memory of a period of time sparks profoundly negative emotions ranging from anguish to anger. However, danger lies in failing to recognize history or in the inability to reconcile the mistakes of the past. In her novel, Beloved, Toni Morrison explores the relationship between the past, present and future. Because the horrors of slavery cause so much pain for slaves who endured physical abuse as well as psychological and emotional hardships, former slaves may try to block out the pain, failing to reconcile with their past. However, when Sethe, one of the novel's central characters fails to confront her personal history she still appears plagued by guilt and pain, thus demonstrating its unavoidability. Only when she begins to make steps toward recovery, facing the horrors of her past and reconciling them does she attain any piece of mind. Morrison divides her novel into three parts in order to track and distinguish the three stages of Sethe approach with dealing with her personal history. Through the character development of Sethe, Morrison suggests that in order to live in the present and enjoy the future, it is essential to reconcile the traumas of the past.
In Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, Morrison uses universal themes and characters that anyone can relate to today. Set in the 1800s, Beloved is about the destructive effects of American slavery. Most destructive in the novel, however, is the impact of slavery on the human soul. Morrison’s Beloved highlights how slavery contributes to the destruction of one’s identity by examining the importance of community solidarity, as well as the powers and limits of language during the 1860s.
Beloved “Beloved” is the story of a young black woman's escape from slavery in the nineteenth century, and the process of adjusting to a life of freedom. Most people associate slavery with shackles, chains, and back-breaking work. What they do not realize the impact of the psychological and emotional bondage of slavery. In order for a slave to be truly free, they had to escape physically first, and once that. was accomplished they had to confront the horror of their actions and the memories. that life in chains had left behind.
In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison explores the paradoxical nature of love both as a dangerous presence that promises suffering and a life-giving force that gives the strength to proceed; through the experiences of the run-away slave Sethe. The dangerous aspect of love is revealed through the comments of Paul D and Ella regarding the motherly love of Sethe towards her children. Sethe's deep attachment to her children is deemed dangerous due to their social environment which evidently promises that the loved one of a slave will be hurt. On the other hand, love is portrayed as a sustaining force that allows Sethe to move on with her life. All the devastating experiences Sethe endures do not matter due to the fact that she must live for her children. Although dangerous, Sethe's love finally emerges as the prevalent force that allows her to leave the past behind and move on with her life.
“Definitions belong to the definers, not the defined” is a quote that from Toni Morrison’s book (225). Beloved that describes the basis of slavery in both books. The definers mentioned in the quote are white people and the defined are the slaves. The definitions can refer to anything from education to personality. Slaves had no option, no personality, and were not differentiated from other slaves. They were just a piece of property and not human beings. Each book talks about the horrors of the past of slavery and how it affects the future and the main characters. There was specific character in each book that represented the past. In Kindred it was Rufus and in Beloved it was Beloved. Both Rufus and Beloved played a huge part in the development of the major characters, as well as being a faithful reminder of the past. Kindred and Beloved used characters, such as Rufus and Beloved, and other elements to represent the horrors of the past; which drastically changed the main
Use of Flashbacks in Toni Morrison’s Novel, Beloved. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved swims like a garden pond full of minnows with thoughts and memories of days gone by. Each memory is like a drop of water, and when one person brings up enough drops, a trickle of a stream is formed. The trickles make their way down the shallow slopes and inclines, pushing leaves, twigs, and other barriers out of the way, leaving small bits of themselves behind so their paths can be traced again.