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The influence of Confucius culture on China
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The Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India
‘The future depends on what you do today’(Gandhi). In Japan, China, and India each country was faced with similar opportunities, and chose a different path that has impacted their future, setting them aside from one another. When Western countries came into China, India, and Japan, each country reacted differently to the Western ideas that these foreigners brought which would then change the culture. Japan and China secluded themselves from other countries, while India stayed open, inviting modern ideas into its culture. Trade then increased in India’s economy, while it broke apart China with the Opium War. Japan stayed strong throughout the seclusion, benefiting from not trading with other countries. The beliefs that the China, Japan, and India placed in Gandhi and Confucian impacted the countries. Gandhi, Confucianism, and Western ideas impacted Japan, China and India religiously, culturally and economically.
The Western ideas and influence throughout the 1500’s-1800’s impacted the Indian, Chinese and Japanese society economically and culturally. In 1543, the Portuguese arrived in Japan bringing with them guns, clocks, glasses, tobacco and Christianity which brought unification and conversions to Christianity for many of the citizens. The conversions of religion brought about the destruction of temples throughout Japan. In 1598, due to the destruction of the countries religious culture, all Europeans that had traded with Japan were ‘kicked out’ (except for the Dutch and Koreans) resulting in Japan being in isolation for the next 255 years. The isolation brought around a new Shogunate rule which brought about no civil war and peace in the country. T...
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Tucker, John, Tucker,. "Japanese Confucian Philosophy." Stanford University. Stanford University, 20 May 2008. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-confucian/ Bibliography:
"Confucianism - Philosophy and Religion of Ancient India and China." Confucianism - Philosophy and Religion of Ancient India and China. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2014. https://sites.google.com/site/paroaci/confucianism "Gandhi's Views On Nonviolence -Atom Bomb And Ahimsa." Gandhi's Views On Nonviolence -Atom Bomb And Ahimsa. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2014. http://www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhiphilosophy/philosophy_nonviolence_atombombahimsa.htm Tucker, John, Tucker,. "Japanese Confucian Philosophy." Stanford University. Stanford University, 20 May 2008. Web. 05 Jan. 2014.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-confucian/
Japan and China reacted differently to the reforms of Imperialism. When put under pressure, Japan succumbed to the power of Western Imperialist ideas. Conversely, China, resisted for a long time. As a result, Japan had more technology, while China was unenlightened of the new advances. Japan also gained more respect from other countries, that China did not have.
“By 1870, 90% of Japan’s international trade was controlled by Westerners living in Japan.” (Woods, SW. (2004). Japan an Illustrated History (1st Edition). Hippocrene books pg. 111).
Most writers take sides, either for or against the atom bomb. Instead of taking sides, he challenges his readers to make their own opinions based on their personal meditations. One of the key questions we must ask ourselves is “Are actions intended to benefit the large majority, justified if it negatively impacts a minority?” The greatest atrocity our society could make is to make a mistake and not learn from it. It is important, as we progress as a society, to learn from our mistakes or suffer to watch as history repeats itself.
In the middle of the 19th century, despite a few similarities between the initial responses of China and Japan to the West, they later diverged; which ultimately affected and influenced the modernizing development of both countries. At first, both of the Asian nations rejected the ideas which the West had brought upon them, and therefore went through a time period of self-imposed isolation. However, the demands that were soon set by Western imperialism forced them, though in different ways, to reconsider. And, by the end of the 19th century both China and Japan had introduced ‘westernizing’ reforms. China’s aim was to use modern means to retain and preserve their traditional Confucian culture. Whereas Japan, on the other hand, began to successfully mimic Western technology as it pursued modernization, and thus underwent an astounding social upheaval. Hence, by the year 1920, Japan was recognized as one of the world’s superpowers, whereas China was on the edge of anarchy.
Powers, Thomas. "THE BOMB : Hiroshima: Changing the Way We Think About War." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 06 Aug. 1995. Web. 10 Jan. 2014.
21 Pitts, Forrest R., Japan. p. 113. -. 22. Davidson, Judith. Japan- Where East Meets West, p. 107.
Taken as a whole, the isolation policies that were put into place in China and Japan succeeded in preserving much of their nation's traditional values. In addition, they both successfully caused an internal economic and cultural growth. As foreign powers attempted to gain control of these independent nations, Japan was able to compete militarily as their looser isolation policy allowed western technology to be introduced in Japan. On the other hand, China had isolated itself from both western ideas and technology and were easily crushed during the Opium Wars. As a result, they became the economic puppet of European nations.
...able to showcase the great power that nonviolence could have on the world and how by using methods such as that one would be more successful than if one used violence. As Mahatma Gandhi once said “Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.”
Western imperialism in East Asia caused many tribulations for China, Japan, and Korea but also helped them to become contemporary nations. The East Asian countries were tremendously affected by unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, and above all, technology. Great Britain encroached upon China their greed for open trade with the Chinese empire resulting in the deterioration of the Chinese culture, which led to the emergence of a modernized civilization. Japan was co-subjugated by Russia and the United States so that the trade routes of these western countries could extend into the east, which resulted in the foundation of industrialization in Modern East Asia. Finally, the spread of western Christianity and influential neighbors, namely China and Japan, culturally influenced Korea while bringing some semblance of unification. Therefore, imperialism affected 18th and 19th century East Asia by the system’s inherent exploitation of the countries' resources and worldly ignorance but also managed to give rise to a stronger Modern East Asia.
As a result of country’s struggle, the previous Western liberal policies and politics that advocated for sovereignty and world trade began to diminish while the conservative and imperialist ideology and self-sufficiency within its empire began to backlash and dominate Japan. Furthermore, Japan began to be intimidated of the growing power and integration from Chinese nationalist forces and therefore, began a policy of utilizing and assimilating the subjugated colonies to strengthen the Japanese Empire. As a result, Japanese attempted to concretely
Confucian culture, also known as Confucianism, was founded by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, which was developed gradually after the Han Dynasty with benevolence as the core. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was the official ideology and the basis of mainstream ideology in the vast majority of historical periods of China, and it also influenced many southeast Asian countries in history. After a variety of shocks, Confucianism was still the core values of China's social public, and represented the Chinese culture and national tradition in the world (Littlejohn, 2010). In the contemporary society, the Confucian culture in China increasingly spread, at the same time, its modern value is excavated by many countries in the world, and its international influence is also growing with the rise of China.
Nivison, David S. The Ways of Confucianism: Investigations in Chinese Philosophy. Ed. Bryan W. Van Norden. Chicago and La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1996.
During the 19th century, two countries, Japan and China, made huge developments in their country due to the impacts of westernization, modernization and reformation. Both countries had similar thoughts as well as differences in their development throughout their history. From the start, China ultimately considered themselves as the center of the universe and foreigners as “barbarians”. This caused them to believe that there would only be harm in trying to accept Western ideas as they believed that their country would only run smoothly if it were to keep their own culture and traditions. Instead of taking in any sorts of new ideas, they rejected it and detached themselves from the concepts.
From covering Japan’s perilous imperial rule to analyzing Korea’s ambivalent adoption of democratic governance, Modern East Asia explored a broad range of subjects important for one who aspires to understand Asia holistically. Much time was even spent examining China’s horrid history at the hands of foreign meddling, giving insight into a nation feared as the future #1 economic power of the world. Although we covered a broad range of topics, each was given particular attention, never skipping major events or characters which shaped Asia’s history over the last several hundred years. Essentially, this class provided an open atmosphere for students to learn the intricate history of major Asian countries in addition to sharing ideas on the effectiveness of their pre-modern governance.