PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages.The PL/SQL programming language was developed by Oracle Corporation as procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database.Some of notable facts about PL/SQL:
• PL/SQL is portable, high-performance transaction processing language.
• PL/SQL provides a built in interpreted as well as OS independent programing environment.
• PL/SQL can directly be called from the command line SQL-Plus interface.
• Direct call can be made from external programming language calls to database.
• PL/SQL's general syntax is based on that of ADA and Pascal programming language.
• Apart from Oracle, PL/SQL is available in TimesTen in-memory database and IBM
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A procedure or function is a schema object that consists of a set of SQL statements and other PL/SQL constructs stored in the database and run as a unit to solve a specific problem. The principal benefit of server-side programming is that built-in functionality can be deployed anywhere.
Oracle Database also stores program units written in Java. A Java stored procedure is a Java method published to SQL and stored in the database for general use. You can call existing PL/SQL programs from Java and Java programs from PL/SQL.
Advantages of PL/SQL :
• SQL is the standard database language and PL/SQL is strongly integrated with SQL.
• PL/SQL supports both static and dynamic SQL. Static SQL supports DML operations and transaction control from PL/SQL block. Dynamic SQL is SQL allows embedding DDL statements in PL/SQL blocks.
• PL/SQL allows sending an entire block of statements to the database at one time. This reduces network traffic and provides high performance for the applications.
• PL/SQL gives high productivity to programmers as it can query, transform, and update data in a database.
• PL/SQL saves time on design and debugging by strong features, such as encapsulation, data hiding,exception handling and object-oriented data types.
• Applications written in PL/SQL are fully portable.
• It provides high security
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With an installed base of over two million, Toad continues to be the "de facto" standard tool for db development and admin section.
Toad Help and Resources :
Toad is self-diagnosing tool.If you are having some difficulties with Toad that you cannot understand or fix then the Toad Advisor will help you. It offers hints, alerts, and warnings regarding the current state of your Toad installation. If you are in a managed environment, it specifies which features in Toad are managed, and to what extent.
Create and Manage Connections :
This is a general overview of how Toad connects to Oracle databases.
• Troubleshooting: If your previous connections do not display in the db Login window, we have ensure that the Show favorites only and Show selected home only fields in the bottom of the Database Login window are not selected.
To connect to a db server Toad requires that you have a db client installed on your computer. Client is simply s/w that accesses the database through a n/w. We can have multiple Oracle clients installed on your computer. These locations are also referred to as Oracle homes and you can select which one Toad currently uses on the Database Login
Cane toads originated from South America, were introduced to Australia in the early 20th century and have been in Australia for nearly 70 years. Cane toads were relocated by the Europeans to control destructive beetles that destroyed sugarcane in Cairns approximately 2900 young toads were released in Australia, after a while the group of Europeans discovered cane toads were unsuccessful at removing the cane bugs. Cane toads spread throughout Queensland, Cane toads have spread south and west and now cane toads can be found in Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales. Cane toads became were well known as an invasive species or pest. Cane toads eat bugs, ants, generally anything that could fit inside its mouth, most cane toads grow to 10-15cm long and females have been grown to 23cm colour ranges from grey to olive brown. They breed in slow moving water, females lay about 8- 35000 eggs a
Cane Toads have now become a national problem. They were first introduced in Queensland in 1935 to control native pests of cane crops. Since then they have made their way across Queensland and Northern Territory, to where they are now in the Kimberly Regions. There are concerns about the Cane Toads will spread to South Australia, via water
The cane toad is native to South and mainland Central America, but has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania including Northern Australia. It is one of the largest toads in the world and can live for 10 – 15 years in the wild.
Cane Toads are native to Central and South America but was introduced to Northern Australia. The Cane Toad was brought to Northern Australia to get rid of pests, but instead it became a pest itself. Cane Toads are harming the environment by growing rapidly and wiping out other species. As their population grows they take up more space and resources which also harms other species. The Cane Toads are able to grow rapidly because there aren’t many natural predators, and they poison whatever eats them. Because of those two factors Cane Toads can easily survive.
SQL Server 2000 vs Oracle 9i. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from MSSQLCity.Com Web site: http://www.mssqlcity.com/Articles/Compare/sql_server_vs_oracle.htm
Both the toad and the donkey are Mercerism’s most important animals, the former being a bit more valuable. But why these ordinary creatures? Firstly, a donkey is often used as a carrier. In other words, they are the ones who do the heavy lifting. They don’t really complain and are often portrayed as being overloaded. Secondly, a toad is known for is survivability. Even though it is not one of the prettiest animals, toads are great at living in hostile environments. They dig themselves into the ground and live of scraps to get by. Together they represent humans. Hardworking people that are willing to do what it takes to survive. By working together, humans managed to create spatial colonies. And those that stayed behind on Earth, even though it is slightly radioactive, learned to live with their dangerous
Some faculties and departments are already using Oracle applications in their day-to-day operations. As time goes by, more and more information users will be working with an application based on Oracle database technology. If you get the opportunity to be a member of an application development team, you will become familiar with the workings of Oracle and relational databases. Other users may have to learn about this popular database management system through their own experience. This article is for our readers who, as of yet, have no access to Oracle databases but have a yearning for learning what they're all about.
In 1977, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates founded System Development Laboratories. After being inspired by a research paper written in 1970 by an IBM researcher titled “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” they decided to build a new type of database called a relational database system. The original project on the relational database system was for the government (Central Intelligence Agency) and was dubbed ‘Oracle.’ They thought this would be appropriate because the meaning of Oracle is source of wisdom.
DBA deals with all of this by finding user needs, set the database, and test the system. DBA should enable editing any system he or she created. At the same time DBA should ensure the security of the data and guarantee data integrity and backup. Moreover, DBAs should know the database management systems (DBMS) that include the knowledge of Oracle, IBM DB2, and Microsoft SQL server (“Database Administrator,” 2010). Oracle is one of the most important platforms that DBA must know and have experience with. According to Kanaracus “The database experience we look for most of the time is Oracle”, says Tom Hart, executive vice president of the operations and technology group at Veritude. “SQL Server is more of a nice-to-have"
[7] Elmasri & Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems, 4th edition. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA. 2004.
Most frogs have teeth only on their upper jaw. Toads swallow their prey in one piece. To aid in the swallowing process, the frog’s eyes sink through the openings in the skull and force the food down its throat. Frogs eat insects, catching them with their long sticky tongue. They also eat small fish and worms. They also absorb concentrate to make them stronger, and toxins (poisonous substances) in their fatty tissues.
of multiple types of end users. The data is stored in one location so that they
System performance is one of the most critical issues faced by companies dealing with vast amounts of data. Companies use database systems and their applications to store, retrieve and handle this data.
conference using a PowerPoint file. The database management system allows a company to run more efficient, smoothly, and be more productive. Database management systems also allow a business to be more secure. The database administrator can create the user permissions, which allows each employee access to different things. This is usually done by assigning different usernames and passwords. It can prevent employees from viewing certain documents that are meant only for cooperate, or preventing them from accidentally deleting