Gregor Mendel was born into a German family, as a young man Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. In his later life Mendel gained his fame as the founder of the modern science of genetics. The research that was his claim to fame was his pea plant experiment. Mendel looked at seven different characteristics of the pea plants. For example with seed colors when he bred a yellow pea and green pea together their offspring plant was always yellow. Though, in the next generation of plants, the green peas reemerged at a 1:3 ratio. To explain what he had discovered, Mendel put together the terms “recessive” and “dominant” in reference to specific traits. Such as, in the previous example the green peas were recessive and the yellow peas …show more content…
Lacks was an African-American tobacco farmer born in Virginia. Lacks was a young mom with five children early in her life and married her first cousin. In early 1951 Lacks went to Johns Hopkins Hospital for a “knot” she felt inside of her. When Lacks told her cousins about the knot they assumed she was pregnant. They had presumed correctly, but after giving birth to her fifth child Lacks started bleeding abnormally and in large amounts. Henrietta’s local doctor tested for syphilis, which came back negative, and referred her to Johns Hopkins Hospital. Johns Hopkins was the only hospital in the area that would treat black patients. Her doctor there examined a lump in her cervix and cut off a small piece, which he sent to the pathology lab. This lump later would be known as the tumor that killed her. Soon after, Henrietta was told she had a malignant epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. Lacks was treated with radium tubes sewn in place, after several days they were removed and Lacks was discharged. She had instructions to return for her X-ray treatments. In the duration of her radiation treatment Henrietta had two parts of her cervix removed, the cancerous and healthy cells. This was done without Henrietta’s knowledge, but ended up being what made her famous in the medical field. The cells removed were given to Doctor George Otto Gey and would ultimately become the HeLA immortal cell line, commonly used in …show more content…
She is considered to be the worlds expert on chimpanzees and is known for her fifty-five year study of social interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. She also has worked expansively on conservation and animal welfare issues. Goodall began studying in 1960 because she didn’t have training directing her research, Goodall payed closer attention to things that other professionals may have looked over. Instead of numbering the chimps Goodall observed, she gave them names. She witnessed these animals to have distinct personalities, which was an alternative idea at the time. Goodall found that, “it isn’t only human beings who have personality, who are capable of rational thought and emotions like joy and sorrow.” She observed many behaviors such as kisses, hugs, and tickling, which was considered only to be “human” interactions. Goodall reported that this is evidence of the supportive and loving bonds that develop amongst family members and other chimps within the community. Her findings suggest the connections and similarities between human and chimpanzees other than just genes alone, but can be seen in emotion, intellect, and domestic and social relationships. Goodall watched as chimps made and used tools in their everyday life, which challenged the belief that humans were the only toolmakers and users of them. In contrast to the affectionate
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells the story of Henrietta Lacks. In the early 1951 Henrietta discovered a hard lump on the left of the entrance of her cervix, after having unexpected vaginal bleeding. She visited the Johns Hopkins hospital in East Baltimore, which was the only hospital in their area where black patients were treated. The gynecologist, Howard Jones, indeed discovers a tumor on her cervix, which he takes a biopsy off to sent it to the lab for diagnosis. In February 1951 Henrietta was called by Dr. Jones to tell about the biopsy results: “Epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix, Stage I”, in other words, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Before her first radium treatment, surgeon dr. Wharton removed a sample of her cervix tumor and a sample of her healthy cervix tissue and gave this tissue to dr. George Gey, who had been trying to grow cells in his lab for years. In the meantime that Henrietta was recovering from her first treatment with radium, her cells were growing in George Gey’s lab. This all happened without the permission and the informing of Henrietta Lacks. The cells started growing in a unbelievable fast way, they doubled every 24 hours, Henrietta’s cells didn’t seem to stop growing. Henrietta’s cancer cell grew twenty times as fast as her normal healthy cells, which eventually also died a couple of days after they started growing. The first immortal human cells were grown, which was a big breakthrough in science. The HeLa cells were spread throughout the scientific world. They were used for major breakthroughs in science, for example the developing of the polio vaccine. The HeLa-cells caused a revolution in the scientific world, while Henrietta Lacks, who died Octob...
Although she was taken from the world too soon, Henrietta Lacks was a warm hearted woman, and though unbeknownst to her, she would pave the way for the medical field and greatly expand our understanding of one of the nation’s greatest killers; cancer. In 1951 people did not talk about cancer lightly; cancer was a very touchy subject, especially for those who knew they couldn’t receive treatment once they had been diagnosed. When Lacks went to the hospital because of a “knot on her womb” she never thought that it would grow into a full fledge tumor that would end up taking her life. Henrietta lived a simple yet happy life which consisted of working on the farm, loving her husband, and raising children, and she was not going to ruin the lifestyle she knew so well by telling her family that she had cancer; it was just unheard of.
Henrietta Lacks was an african american women born on August 1, 1920, “into a family of impoverished tobacco farmers in Roanoke, Virginia” (Spigner 1).On January 29, 1951 Henrietta went to Johns Hopkins. John Hopkins was the only hospital in the area that treated black patients at that time. Henrietta went in because she felt a "knot" in her womb.She had previously told her cousins about the "knot" and they presumed that she may have been pregnant. They were correct, henrietta was indeed pregnant and she gave birth to her daughter Deborah. But after giving birth to her daughter Deborah, Lacks had a severe hemorrhage. A hemorrhage is heavy bleeding from a tissue rupture. Her primary care doctor only tested her for syphilis, which came back
Goodall’s team initially encountered difficulties when attempting to study the chimpanzees on the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve. The chimpanzees were very distant and afraid of the new company. It is clear that it took quite a significant amount of time before Goodall could closely observe the chimpanzees without scaring them away. Goodall attempted to get closer observation in the beginning, but as the chimpanzees realized she was getting close they quickly fled. It was only after Goodall decided to go alone to the peak she often visited, that the chimps were less apprehensive of her presence. Previously she attempted to appear alone with her African companions by leaving them in a different area, but the chimpanzees appeared to notice what
Jane Goodall was born on April 3, 1934, in London, England. Goodall, a British primatologist and anthropologist, is considered to be one of the world’s expert on chimpanzees. Goodall helped expand our knowledge on chimpanzees and a scientific way in researching. In Goodall’s early childhood, she received a life-like toy chimpanzee from her father in which she carried everywhere. Goodall loved to observe birds and animals, making notes and kept a wildlife journal detailing her observations. On July 1960, she decided to go to Africa and begin studying the Kasakela chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park. At first, Goodall had trouble in observing the chimpanzees, the chimpanzees would be very shy and fled before Goodall could study them. With patience and persistence, Goodall slowly gained the chimpanzees trust and started to understand the everyday life of a chimpanzee. Goodall started actually live with the chimpanzees and started to imitate the chimpanzees, spend time in the trees and also eating their food. She observed individual chimpanzees and gave them each names; Goodall saw that each chimpanzee had a unique and their own individual personalities. By keeping in contact with the chimpanzees, Goodall discovered that the chimps had a complex social system. She also observed behaviors such as hugging, kissing, and tickling, that the chimps had done. Goodall shows that these actions are evidence to a close, supportive, bond that develops a family and brings the community together. These traits are suggested that humans and chimps are similar because of the emotions, family and social relationships. People thought that chimpanzees were herbivores, but Goodall studies show that she witnessed chimpanzees killing, eating ...
Chimpanzees portray their emotions through a number of facial expressions and mannerisms. Just like humans, they undergo mood swings, jealous rages, and laughter. For instance, Goodall observed during her research that a male gorilla “would threaten [me] with an upward and backward movement jerk of his head…” Some of their emotions are easy to read, while at other times we have to look at multiple places on their faces to understand their feelings. A chimpanzee also uses its facial expressions and sounds to communicate with each other, such as hoots and yells.
Jane Goodall is an environmentalist who has led the idea of chimps to be gentle yet seemingly complex, she has grown up and devoted her life to study and learn the life of these kind animals and hopes to change the minds of people and other fellow scientists who don’t understand their equivalence to these creatures. Yes there are differences between chimps and humans, but who is to say they they do not feel pain or share the same kind of emotions as we do. Her life is dedicated to nature and wildlife. Since the past 60 years, Goodall continues to fight for the chimps conservation ( “ Life Achievements & Timeline”).
In the 1960’s, very little was known about wild Chimpanzees and much of what was known had later been contradicted by Jane Goodall. Jane was the first person to ever be accepted by Chimpanzees. She uncovered major discoveries that have changed the progression of primatology. In the past fifty-four years, Jane Goodall has affected the world greatly by revealing her discoveries to the world.
This is probably the most well-known study of her career. She studied the Kenyan chimps’ social and family lives, busting two huge myths that were previously thought to be true: that chimpanzees were vegetarians, and that humans were the only creatures who used tools. Goodall observed the chimps using pieces of grass to catch termites out of a hole, similar to a fishing rod. She found that they were not vegetarians when a hunting group of chimps killed and ate a colobus, another type of monkey. “We must now redefine man, redefine tool, or accept chimpanzees as human!” –Louis Leakey. Before her two big discoveries, many people disapproved of Leakey choosing Goodall because she didn’t have a general college degree. However, in 1962, she studied at Cambridge University and in 1965 got a Ph.D. in ethology, the study of animal behavior. She was only the eighth person in Cambridge history who was allowed to get a Ph.D. without having previously earned a Bachelor’s
In 1957, Jane went to Africa, where she met Louis Leakey and he offered her a job there. Three years later, with binoculars and a notebook, she sits and observes chimps when she discovers what they can do. In the beginning, nobody cared about animals and what they did. Life back then was boring and then, all of a sudden, Jane Goodall makes an amazing discovery. A new world was opened up to the study of animals and their behaviors. “All of Jane’s contributions to our lives have helped people really understand not just chimps and their behaviors, but also the connections between chimps and humans,” says National Geographic. Greatly, we care about Jane’s
Mendel’s law of segregation states that offspring receive only one of two alleles of a gene from the parent (Brooker et al. 2014). This means that utilizing a monohybrid cross where each parent has both a dominant allele of a gene and a recessive allele, that by producing offspring of these plants, a predictable outcome of trait inheritance should be observed (Brooker et al. 2014). This experiment investigated the inheritance of anthocyanin in Brassica rapa.
Experiments performed by Gregor Mendel on garden plants and honeybees let to great success in studying theories of inheritance. Mendel crossed true-breeding tall and dwarf pea plants and obtained all tall hybrid plants, called the F1 generation. After crossing the hybrid plants he obtained tall and dwarf plants in the ratio 3:1, called the F2 generation. He then concluded that the factor for tallness, a dominant factor, masked the expression of the factor for dwarfism called the recessive factor. He also called this cross a monohybrid cross. Mendel called these factors genes and the dominant and recessive forms, alleles. Those that inherited two identical copies of the genes were called homozygous and those that inherited two different alleles
Louis Leakey offered Goodall a job studying chimpanzees, her destiny was about to be fulfilled. Her chimpanzee observations began to question human entity and the comparison of chimpanzees and humans. Just as humans, chimpanzees have caring relationships, are tender, and have war-like behaviors between their communities. Goodall stated “It was hard for me to believe," she recalls. "At that time, it was thought that humans, and only humans, used and made tools. I had been told from school onwards that the best definition of a human being was a man the toolmaker – yet I had just watched a chimp tool-maker in action. I remember that day as vividly as if it was yesterday.
Gregor Johann Mendel was conceived on July 22, 1822 in Heinzendorf, Austria. Gregor was destined to Anton and Rosine Mendel on his family's farm. Gregor spent his childhood here until he was eleven years of age. Gregor Mendel is an understood researcher. His handle is "Father of Modern Genetics" or "Father of Genetics". Gregor found hereditary qualities in his patio by concentrating on the legacy of in pea plants which prompt the disclosure of heredity.
Henrietta Lacks, a poor tobacco farmer was diagnosed with cervical cancer a year before her passing. In 1951 Lacks was the unwilling donor of cells from her cancerous tumor. These cells were the first immortal cell line cultured by George Gey.This is known as the “HeLa” cell line which has been used countless times for medical research. Although Henrietta was able to get cancer treatment as a black woman in this time it is still unfair how her family not only suffered but did not know that the cells were taken from her without consent.The importance behind this is that HeLa cells are one of the biggest contributions to medical history and it has taken 60 plus years to give some kind of recognition to Henrietta and her family simply because