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The Victorian era society
The Victorian era society
An essay about a cholera outbreak in our are
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A read that details the historical prevalence of infectious agents prior to mankind’s scientific discovery of our interactions with other species within the broad environment we fulfill, The Ghost Map: The Story of London’s Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World is nothing less than fascinating and important for understanding a brief part of the history of global health concerns. My inclination to use fiction storytelling to share my views on topics I am passion about, connected to Steven Johnson’s well written historical narrative of the September 1854 epidemic of cholera that claimed many innocent lives. However, if it were not for the indefatigable efforts of Dr. John Snow and the intersecting quest …show more content…
The Night-Soil Men, the first chapter of the book, parallels the work of microbial scavengers and London’s lower-class in the mid-1800s. Though microbial life was not yet identified, it was sensed through smell which led to many theories of how cholera and other diseases spread. Snow recognized that the observed symptoms and exposure of the popular belief that miasma was the source of cholera, and other diseases during the century, were not matched. The miasma theory that invisible vapors from swamps and cesspools floated in the air, where they could be inhaled and transmitted from person-to-person was challenged by Dr. Snow’s idea that the source of cholera was actually due to water-contamination flowing out of the Broad Street pump and into the mouths of locals. Originally a believer of the miasma theory of disease, Rev. Henry Whitehead, one of the protagonist of The Ghost Map, was convinced by John Snow’s hypothesis and their combined work and scientific observations lead to the early emergence of …show more content…
John Snow’s and Rev. Henry Whitehead’s unwavering belief that the Broad Street pump was the source of cholera— despite the fact that scientist and doctors were reluctant to dispose of the miasma theory. Thus, an important theme presented throughout the novel is ‘sticking to your gun’ in the face of adversity within the lasting opinions’ of your surrounding society. Snow’s political prowess saved hundreds of lives after he applied a lock on the Broad Street pump, though faulty theories
The book “In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction” was published in the year 2008 on the 12th of February by Knopf Canada. The author of this book is Dr. Gabor Mate who has worked for twelve years in the eastside Vancouver with patients suffering from addiction, mental illness and HIV. He is also a renowned speaker and a bestselling author. He also received the Hubert Evans Prize for Literary Non-Fiction and the 2012 Martin Luther King Humanitarian Award for his work. (….)
Cloudcroft, New Mexico, meaning a "clearing in the clouds", is a small mountain town located to the east of Alamogordo, NM ("Cloudcroft"). The town's history is intimately tied to the building of the Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway that allowed the town to be permanently settled in the late 1800s, and to the logging business that made the town and railroad successful for half a century ("Investigation… Lodge"). As with many frontier towns, Cloudcroft has a number of legends that document the unique and violent events in its history, and also a fair number of ghosts that haunt its historic sites.
The book, The Ghost Map, tells the story of the cholera outbreak that took place in England during the medieval era. During this time, London became popular, causing it to become one of the most populous urban cities in England. However, it suffered from overcrowding, a large lower class, and little health regulations. As a result, living conditions and water supply were not the cleanest, and many died from the disease cholera. Though this epidemic led to many deaths/illnesses during it’s time, it has proven to be helpful and important to public health today. Some public health advancements that have occurred as a result include healthier, cleaner, and longer lives lived.
Murphy, Jim. An American Plague: the True and Terrifying Story of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. New York, NY: Clarion Books, 2003. Print.
Since Plagues and Peoples covers several subjects of knowledge, he helps the reader understand key concepts by fully explaining parasitism and its dependence on humans and animals. People in the field of history, which make up a majority of this books audience, would need more insight into epidemiology to grasp its key concepts. It would not be likely for a historian to be knowledgeable in a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in populations.
The Cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States. 43d Cong. , 2d Sess. House. The.
Aberth’s comprehensive analysis regards the reactions of a diverse variety of people during the era of the Black Plague. The geographical documents contribute to the overall non-discriminatory sense of The Black Death by unmistakably agreeing that the plague consumed every country, town, and home within its grasp. Whether it was a large town or a small community of homes, the plague could disturb any area. While different professionals have varying ideas of where the plague originated, it is collectively agreed upon between the geographical contributors that the plague, at its peak, had extended to every region. This understanding suggests that even those who chose to leave their homes in an attempt to escape the plague would probably not be spared. One writer in particular represents the overall non-discriminatory sense by proclaiming, “How amazingly does it [the plague] pursue the people of each house,” (18).
Lapaire, Pierre J. "The Plague: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature. Ed. Lesley Henderson. 2nd ed. New York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Web. 24 Mar. 2011.
By the 1840’s high rates of disease were ascribed to the housing many of New York’s poverty-stricken immigrants lived in. Fear spread that while disease was rooted in the polluted living conditions of New York’s poorer communities, disease could easily spread to the more well off citizens too. Public health officials realized that the city’s soiled streets and polluted sewers were a health risk to all New Yorkers. In the mid-nineteenth century, New York possessed a primitive sewage system. Poorly planned sewers spanned the city, but most citizens’ homes did not connect to these pipes. Instead, most New Yorkers relied on outdoor outhouses and privies. Because of the high levels of unmanaged waste, epidemics of infectious diseases were commonplace in New York. The city battled outbreaks of smallpox, typhoid, malaria, yellow fever, cholera, and tuberculosis. In 1849, a rash of cholera struck the city, killing more than five thousand people. A wave of typhoid in the mid-1860’s resulted in a similar amount of deaths. Port cities and transportation hubs, like New York, were especially prone to outbursts of infectious diseases because of the high volume of travelers that passed through the city. Americans realized that they were contracting and dying from infectious diseases at an alarming rate, but weren’t entirely sure of why or how. (Web, par. 17,
During the Middle Ages, people didn’t have scientific equipment like microscopes to examine the organisms. So they concluded causes for the Black Death with unsupported evidence. Many physicians and doctors said it was in the air. It was inevitable to catch the Black Death as they claimed. Physicians describe the plague like a ‘tide of death’ (Addison et al, 2012.
Imagine a world where there was a great chance of a mother dying right after giving birth to her child. Sounds like a pretty crazy supposition. Unfortunately, not too long ago, that was the world we called home. Nuland’s book discusses the unfortunate tragedies of puerperal fever and the journey the medical field in Europe took to discover a cause and prevention. Hand in hand, Nuland also depicts the life of Ignác Semmelweis, the unknown founder of the aforementioned cause and prevention strategies: washing hands in chloride of lime. The Doctors’ Plague is a worthwhile read based off the information provided, its ability to break new ground, and the credibility of its author and sources.
Murphy, Jim. An American Plague: The True and Terrifying Story of the Yellow Fever Epidemic 1793. New York, New York: Clariton Book, 2003. Print.
As the days went by and the number of deaths began to increase, the Board of Health in London began to improve people’s living conditions by creating the indoor restroom, This, however, caused more problems for the people of London, due to the lack of a proper sewage system, “London needed a citywide sewage system that could remove waste products from houses in a reliable and sanitary fashion,...,The problem was one of jurisdiction, not execution,”(Page 117). London didn’t have a place where the sewers could lead off to which keep the disease spreading when people used the restroom. After months of battling the type of disease London was faced with, Mr. Snow convinced the Board of Health to remove the water pump that was on Board Street. By getting rid of this pump, Mr. Snow helped stop major outbreaks from recurring, “The removal of the pump handle was a historical turning point, and not because it marked the end of London’s most explosive epidemic,..., It marks a turning point in the battle between urban man and Vibrio cholera, because for the first time a public institution had made an informed intervention into a cholera outbreak based on a scientifically sound theory of the disease.”(Page 162- 163). This marked the end of the London epidemic and how the world of science
This book follows an esteemed doctor and a local clergyman who, together, are the heart of an investigation to solve the mystery of the cholera epidemic. In 1854 London was ravaged by a terrible outbreak of cholera, where within the span of mere weeks over five hundred people in the Soho district died. London, at the time, was a city of around two and a half million people, all crammed into a small area with no system for sewage removal. With overflowing cesspools, improper drainage of all the human and animal waste, and no system for guaranteed clean water, the people of London were in a bad state. They were essentially dumping all of their feces into their drinking water supply, a perfect environment for cholera to thrive.
As early as AD 100, in Rome smallpox ravaged for 15 years, causing two thousand deaths daily. The disease spread throughout Europe, Asia and Northern Africa from the 12th through the 15th century. Colonists and explorers from E...