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Impact of french revolution on europe
Impact of french revolution on europe
The french revolution and terrorism
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The French revolution turned into the Reign of Terror. Under the leadership of
Maximilian Robespierre, a new picture of France was trying to be achieved. However, that picture could only be achieved after the people were re-educated and the Old Regime was out of sight. Until those goals were accomplished, Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety would rule over France. However with change comes revolution and therefore people took charge. To wipe out the Old Regime, Robespierre sentenced twenty thousand people to the guillotine. The guillotine was put up to kill innocent people. With the organization of planning his vision, he sent a movement over France which became known as the Reign of Terror.
During this time, France was a limited
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“There were two main groups that contributed to government during the Reign of Terror. One was the committee of Public Safety. They were established to ensure the progress of the revolution. It consisted of twelve members including "Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac, Lazare Carnot, Georges Couthon, M. J. Hérault de Séchelles, Maximilian Robespierre, and Louis de Saint-Just and the Hébertists, J. N. Billaud-Varenne and J. N. Collot d’Herbois". They established order by preventing and eliminating anti-revolutionary activity. They began the terror due to the necessity of public participation in their precautionary measures.” (www.public.gettysburg.edu). The main goal of the committee was to handle what was going on during the war and report it to the National Convention. Although the Committee of Public Safety barely had power, if the committee made any rules or changes it would have to go through the convention first. Some decisions that the committee made was not shown to the convention and therefore it was secretly accepted.
Once the Reign of Terror started to come to an end, there was so many consequences put on the French population. First was the loss of people. Around seventeen thousand people were sentenced on the guillotine where they were faced with their death. Some of those people that were killed including high in power people such as the king and his wife Marie, Danton, and the last victim,
Was the Terror of 1793/4 inherent from the revolutions outset or was it the product of exceptional circumstance?
Taking into account the reality of the effect of the Reign of Terror and its acts to secure the government, it is important to highlight the circumstances that made the Reign the most necessary: war. Marching an 80,000-man army into France, Prussia and Austria moved to attack and capture the providences of Longwy and Verdun. Along with the pressing overseas forces, an additional “10,000 French army officers.formed armies and allied themselves with France’s foreign enemies” (Document B). To match the amassing legion that was shaping against them, the French government had to enforce regulations (in example: The Tribune) to divert the internal forces they were spending calming riots back to their needed place on the front lines. Similarly, without the Committee on Public Safety “employing a.network of informers and spies” (Document E) it’s impossible to say how the French would have suffered if the infantile government had lost information to enemies, especially considering many of their own countrymen had abandoned their patriotism and fled to the Austrian-Netherlands.
“Long live the Republic “ is what a guard shouted when Louis XVI got executed. Seeing the gruesome act their king getting beheaded led to many people horrified. The Jacobin leader Robespierre ‘s became very paranoid and killed thousands of people at guillotine . Robespierre’s tried to protect the Revolution but this plan backfired . Also the introduction to the proposal of “Republic of virture“ which angered many people. The Jacobin leader were power hungry tyrants because of the events of the Reign of Terror beheadings of the guillotine, the attempt to protect the revolution and the proposal of a “Republic of virtue”.
“Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror.” The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrow him and become a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced “The Reign of Terror,” which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre.
Unlike the leaders of America, the leaders of the French did not turn out to be as positive for the country. In fact, some of these leaders caused much more harm than good. These leaders taught the French people more about what type of government would be the best option for them. One of the most radical, and extreme leaders was Maximilien Robespierre. The duration of his dictatorship was known as "Reign of Terror." He demanded a republic and soon after his demands; the monarchy was overthrown. He also felt that a constitutional government would have to wait until all the enemies of the revolution have been eliminated. To accomplish this task, he murdered close to 40,000 people, most by guillotine, and some sentenced to life in jail. The Reign of Terror was one of the most controversial, and terrifying phases of the Revolution. Some French colonists thought it to be a path to democracy; others thought it was just a attempt for Robespierre to assume dictator. The other great leader was Napoleon Bonaparte. He believed that the only way to have control in France was to put a limit on democracy. Over a period of time Napoleon 's party overthrew Robespierre 's party. Soon enough, Napoleon was dictator of France. The French soldiers who fought in the American Revolution came back from the war with new ideas and reason for revolution. These ideas included the right to take up arms against tyranny, all men should
The French Revolution evokes many different emotions and controversial issues in that some believe it was worth the cost and some don't. There is no doubt that the French Revolution did have major significance in history. Not only did the French gain their independence, but an industrial revolution also took place. One of the main issues of the Revolution was it's human costs. Two writers, the first, Peter Kropotkin who was a Russian prince, and the other Simon Schama, a history professor, both had very opposing views on whether the wars fought by France during the Revolution were worth it's human costs. Krapotkin believed that the French Revolution was the main turning point for not only France but for most other countries as well. On the other hand, Schama viewed the French Revolution as unproductive and excessively violent.
In 1789, the French people began to stand up to their current monarchical government in order to obtain rights and laws that they felt they deserved. The Reign of Terror followed after the Revolution and seemed to stand for the complete opposite of what the people had previously stood up for. The Reign of Terror began in 1793 and ended in 1794 due to the decapitation of Maximilien Robespierre. The Reign of Terror can be explained as a time period in France when many counter revolutionaries were killed because of their traditional beliefs. Counter revolutionaries believed in preserving the ways of the monarchy, but since the majority of people thought otherwise, these opposing beliefs led to death. The French government did not have good reason to conduct such drastic measures against those who challenged the Revolution.
Outside threats from foreign countries did in no way justify the acts of the Reign of Terror. Foreign countries such as Austria and Prussia had reason to act. If they didn’t access the situation quickly, the revolution would spread to their countries and their people would also rebel. Austria itself was worried about the safety of Louis XVI’s wife, Queen Marie Antoinette, who was a daughter in the Austrian royal family (Doc. B). They had reason to
Unfortunately, he died before experiencing Haiti’s separation from France in 1804. However, along the way of success of both revolutions, a toll occurred on the numerous lives lost. The Reign of Terror in France was created as a way to protect the republic from its internal enemies, but instead 16,000 people were guillotined. Many documents were shown to be describing the execution of the Reign of Terror to be gruesome and wrongful such that J.G. Milligen stated, “The process of execution was also a sad and heartrending spectacle”, in The Revolutionary Tribunal. Milligen continued to describe the vivid scene of the execution, but this was only one event and many others have died in the fall of the Bastille and the attack on the royal palace.
During the eighteenth century, France was one of the most richest and prosperous countries in Europe, but many of the peasants were not happy with the way France was being ruled. On July 14, 1789, peasants and soldiers stormed the Bastille and initiated the French Revolution. This essay will analyze the main causes of the French Revolution, specifically, the ineffectiveness of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, and the Enlightenment. It will also be argued that the most significant factor that caused the French Revolution is the ineffective leadership of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval, lead by the lower class of France, which began the decline of powerful monarchies in France and the rise of nationalism and democracy. In A Tale Of Two Cities, written by Charles Dickens, he highlights these aspects of the war between classes and makes them personal to the reader. Throughout the novel, Dickens’ establishes and develops several symbols in order to help the reader better understand the Revolution and the way people acted during this time. He shows that while emotion, desperation, and irrationality run high, humanity, justice, and morality are scarce. The blue flies, Madame Defarge’s knitting, and the sea are three of Dickens’ symbols that develop his theme of man’s inhumanity to his fellow man throughout the novel.
As the Reign of Terror in France grew and invoked fear the internal threats became more radical and deadly. The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt to create a new and fair government. (Doc A) As year four of freedom lurched the thirst for power in Maximilien Robespierre stirred and the hunger for more blood provoked him urging him to create the Reign of Terror. 1793, the first year of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre grasped on to his new power and as the revolution spun out of control the Jacobins Club established a new way to “fight enemies” by constructing a Committee of Public Safety and a Tribunal Court. (Doc A) This new government was working swell it contained counterrevolutionaries in the Vendée Region, and it smothered and ferreted the internal threats. (Docs A, C, G) The counterrevolutionaries adopted a name that meant trouble – the rabble. (Doc D) In a letter written by a city official of the Town of Niort a...
The first position he had in the Revolution was as president of the district that played a major part in the Storming of the Bastille, the Cordeliers club. He was also the first president of the Committee of Public Safety, which controlled and supervised the military, judicial, and legislative efforts. The Committee of Public Safety, led by Danton, promoted and established The Reign of Terror, which was a major phase in the French Revolution. However, the role he played in the advancement in the French Revolution was overlooked because he was accused of venality and leniency towards the Revolution’s enemies. On the 5 of April, 1794, Danton was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terror, cutting down him and his influence on the Revolution.
Almost instantaneously after the death of Louis XVI in 1793, the Committee of Public Safety took over with Maximilien de Robespierre as head. Those in control believed that anyone blocking their path to liberty should be annihilated, and went to many extents to do so. From 1793 to 1794 France was in the midst of the Reign of Terror, which was characterized by mass executions. Those who supported the revolution thought of the executions as a step on the path to liberty; however, others stood firmly against the revolution as did many outside of France.
In conclusion, it can be seen that the guillotine became a huge part of the French Revolution and was responsible for many executions in the seventeen hundreds. “The historian _mile Compardon has calculated by going through tribunal documents in Paris from the year 1793 and till 17th of May 1795, 10,223 cases were handled - and of these 5,582 ended up by execution in the guillotine” (So Many Died During The French Revolution). While the guillotine might be harsh, wrong, and questionable one thing is for certain; the guillotine played a valuable role in the development of the French Revolution.