Aristotle was concerned with Plato’s idea that the ideal Form only comes from one idea. Alternatively, Aristotle states that he is interested in the matter and why a particular piece of matter exists the way it does. From this, Aristotle concluded that there must be more than one cause for things to exist. With this, we are given Aristotle’s four causes.
The Material Cause this is the substance that something is made from. In an example a TV, It is made from glass, metal and glass. Asking why a TV, it is a great example of material cause because the subsistence that make up a TV (Glass, plastic, and metal) are what makes up the actual TV. The materials themselves when separate are nothing but once they are together they bring about the idea of The Formal Cause.
The Formal Cause- This refers to what gives the matter its form.
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TV show the essence of a what a TV is in the manner of what it means to be a TV in this day in age. The TV in it self is not just the glass, plastic and metal in their separate forms but once brought together with the Idea of a traditional TV set. Where the glass is used to show an imagine on the screen and the plastic as a way to keep the metal components unexposed. The Efficient cause, this refers to the reason behind something’s existence. In the example, a TV exists because someone had the idea to build one and put all the parts together to make it
In what follows, I shall consider Aristotle's’ argument of the polis, or the city-state, as presented in his Politics I.2, and expound on the philosophical implications of this particular thesis; namely, a thesis which claims that the city-state exists by nature, and correspondingly, that a human being is ‘by nature a political animal’. Along the way, I shall present two objections leveled against each claim. The first pertains to the invalidity of the argument on ends; specifically, I shall protest that when a thing’s process of coming to be is completed, even if we regard this as an end, this does not necessarily confer that such an end is a natural end, for artificial processes too, like natural processes, share the potential to arrive at ends. The second pertains to the ‘part-whole’ argument, which in a sense takes from the argument of function. Here, I shall discuss that it is not quite clear whether the claim that human beings - as parts of the whole - are necessarily political animals, and so the view that the state is ‘prior by nature’ is uncertain. After that, I will present two Aristotelian responses against these objections; and judge whether or not these appear succeed. I conclude that he is correct in asserting that the city-state exists by nature, and correspondingly, that a human being is a political animal.
The ‘Golden Age of Television’ is what many refer to as the period between the 1950s and 60s when the television began to establish itself as a prevalent medium in the United States. In 1947, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and the Du Mont Network were the four main television networks that ran stations with regular programming taking place. (Television, 2003) While regular television programming was a new innovation, the television itself had been commercially available for over twenty years prior to the 50s. It was conceived by many worldly innovators and went through several testing stages before it was finally completed in the late twenties. The three main innovators were Niplow - who first developed a rotating disk with small holes arranged in a spiral pattern in 1884, Zworykin - who developed the Iconoscope which could scan pictures and break them into electronic signals (a primitive form of the Cathode Ray Tube) in 1923, and lastly Fansworth - who demonstrated for the first time that it was possible to transmit an electrical image in 1927. (Rollo, 2011) However, one of the many reasons why this medium was successful in the 50s was due to the fact that it became more accessible to the public. Television sets were more affordable to middle class citizens which created further interest in the new technology. Through an historical account of the medium, the spread of television across America throughout this particular decade will be examined.
Aristotle’s theory of natural law, discussed in Niocmachean Ethics, is mainly teleological because he focuses on the end of all our actions, and how they should lean to happiness. He believed that there were four causes to every object in the world including humans. These were the, material cause – out of what the object was composed of, the efficient cause – what is recognized as being part of the object, the formal cause – the purpose, end, goal or aim of the object. For example, the material cause of a spoon would be metal, the efficient cause would be its shape and structure, the formal cause would be a factory and the final cause would be to use for eating. For Aristotle, the final cause was the most important for humans because it focuses...
Aristotle was a student under Plato, and although he did not believe in the metaphysical Forms that Plato so firmly believed in, he did apply an element of the theory behind the Forms. Instead, what Aristotle postulated was that there was some ultimate, some final goal to which we all reach, but instead of being some unattainable goal, it was very simple: happiness. Happiness manifests itself in all of our actions, whether it’s a conscious process or not, but when we are truly happy is when we do things that are virtuous and honorable. And instead of being some latent part of another goal, Aristotle stated that happiness was the goal, that there was no higher form to achieve beyond.
Each of the four causes is designed to define how an object is created. Starting with the material cause, Aristotle asks the question of what the object is made of. Secondly, the formal cause, asking what is the object. The fourth way is best understood in light of Thomas’ doctrines on the transcendental, analogy, and hierarchy of being.
Thirdly, Plato and Aristotle hold contrasting views on the mechanism of finding the truth. Plato relied on the ability to reason in his attempt to explain the world. He produced his ideal world based on reason since such a world lies beyond the realm of the five senses. Plato ignored his senses because he believed his senses only revealed the imperfect forms of the ordinary world.
20.Aristotle's doctrine of the "four causes" -- material, formal, efficient and final -- may be found in
Aristotle’s method of reasoning involved syllogisms, which are pairs of propositions that when combined gave a further explanation or connection between the pair, leading to a valid conclusion. His logic was based on “inclusion and exclusion relations” as seen in the following example provided by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
On the other hand, Aristotle argued that reality is in the natural world and the orange therefore is from nature. Aristotle’s argument was valid and sound. Aristotle was able to reach a logical conclusion with his “Four Causes”. After going through the causes the final cause can explain how an orange allows us food to survive. Aristotle uses his causes to help explain how the orange is part of nature and relates this to entelechy.
Before he attracts any grand conclusions, he begins with the thought of substance, of that there ar 3 kinds: changeable and spoilable (e.g., plants and animals), changeable and eternal (e.g., heavenly bodies), and changeless. If all substances ar spoilable, then final destruction of everything is inevitable. however Aristotle asserts 2 imperishable entities: motion and time. If time were created, then there should are no time before the creation, however the terribly construct of "before" necessitates the construct of your time. On the opposite hand, as he argued in his works of physical science, the sole continuous motion should be circular.
Aristotle ideas of metaphysics began with his rejection of his teacher plato “ Theory of Forms”. Aristotle’s stated that forms are universal and are subject to change. He created main ideas that included categories of reason, syllogism, conceptualism, accidental vs. essential properties, and the four causes. According to Aristotle's, notion of Essential properties makes something what it is, and accidental properties are the differences of an item in itself. For example, there are many different types of Pencils, small, big, pink, black, white, yellow etc. but they are still considered pencils and this is what it makes it an accidental property. Aristotle believed that each thing is maintained of a mixture of both matter and form and the two were not of different realms. By forms he meant essential conception of a thing and its purpose. Aristotle saw only four ultimately basic questions that could be applied to anything, or as he called them, “the four causes”: the formal cause, or what the subject is; the material cause, or it is made of ; the efficient cause what made it ? or how it came to be i existence; and the final cause, or what purpose does it
Television is probably one of the world’s greatest inventions. Nine out of ten people won’t know how to explain how it actually works, but everyone who can afford one owns one. There is a lot of debate about whether TV is good or bad. “A television is a device you can sit in front of and watch other people do things that you could be doing if you weren’t sitting there watching them do it.” - Unknown.
¡§It is not Fortune¡¦s power to make a city good; that is a matter of scientific planning and deliberative policy.¡¨ Aristotle, along with most of the prominent thinkers of his time, theorized upon what the Ideal Political State would be and through what means it could be obtained. Aristotle wrote on this discussion of the Ideal State in books VII and VIII of The Politics.
Both Plato and Aristotle are among the most influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was another famous philosopher who greatly influenced Plato. Plato was the pupil of Socrates and later Plato became the teacher of Aristotle. Although Aristotle followed his teachings for a long time, he found many questionable facts in his teachings and later on became a great critic of Plato’s teachings. Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on the common aspects of philosophy. In this paper I will first explain some similarities and then I shall explain the differences between the theories of Plato and Aristotle.
Aristotle made contributions to logic, physics, biology, medicine, and agriculture. He redesigned most, if not all, areas of knowledge he studied. Later in life he became the “Father of logic” and was the first to develop a formalized way of reasoning. Aristotle was a greek philosopher who founded formal logic, pioneered zoology, founded his own school, and classified the various branches of philosophy.