The Federal Period
The time after the Revolutionary War when America was beginning a new
consciousness, marked by its recently acquired independence, was called the Federal
Period. American furniture makers still modeled designs from England but soon created
styles with balanced proportions and symmetrical lines associated with classical design.
Styles were generally named for the monarchs who reigned or for the design influences
that prevailed at the time the style was introduced. There was usually a time lag before the
style became popular in America because much of America’s colonial population lived in
rural areas where tradition was important and fashions changed slowly. A new style might
be introduced in Boston at the same time an old style was still popular in the country.
The architectural designs emphasized high ceilings and large open areas which
allowed for more decorative elements. A federal period parlor would typically have been
decorated with the classically inspired wallpaper and moldings, swag curtains, and a carpet
that resembled a Roman tiled floor. The use of decorative cotton dimity or chintz
slipcovers were to protect the wool upholstery from insects and sun during the summer.
Furniture from this period is characterized by a delicate, geometric look and the
use of classical motifs as urns and swags. Inlay, veneer, carving, and paint are used for
decoration. Chairs have turned, reeded or tapered legs and square or shield shaped backs.
The names of two English designers, Thomas Sheraton and George Hepplewhite are
closely associated with these styles. One of the most popular designs was the Windsor
chair which was used in every room of the house by the Federal Period. Many of the
popular styles are shown on the page attached to this report.
A lot of the furniture was made out of native black walnut, yellow pine, white oak,
maple rose and satinwood. To lower the cost of the furniture the designers painted
surfaces to simulate a rich wood or marble or gilded to imitate bronze mounts. The most
popular kind of wood was the mahogany which made richer and more figured cuts.
Mahogany wood made desks, sewing tables, Pembroke tables, sideboards, shield, oval and
square-back chairs.
The Federal Period signaled the change from the master craftsmen, to the mass
production of furniture.
The colors were often dense and laid out in vibrant arrangements on a black background. Curves and spirals are most commonly used on Kamares ware although some designs include tassels, rosettes, palms, circles, dots, ribbons, stripes and lattices. Fish and polyps appear on some Kamares ware, foreshadowing the coming Marine style. Human figures found on these wares are usually pretty abstract and appear as almost just another element of design. Some Kamares ware was decorated with handmade flowers attached to the surface of the vessels. This served as a transitional style between the Kamares ware period and the Marine Style period.
Lighting fixtures consisted of bulbs in cocoanut shells located on six paper palm trees in this room.
Republicanism brought change to America, but called into question was the way this change was brought to America. James Madison through the Virginia Plan proposed a republic nation. The formation of the Republican opposition in the 1790’s continued the legacy of the American Revolution. Even though a republican government meant everyone in America would be under the same government it took away the “individual” freedom they fought for in the revolution but this government is representative of the people. Madison had a vision of an “extended republic” that would include everyone, however he would need a lot of support in order to get this republic. “Over the course of 1790’s, Jefferson and Madison would help turn their objections to Hamilton's
The Progressive Era was a period in which the federal government increased its legislation and its grasp of the nation. There were three distinct pieces of federal legislation that seem to stick out, The Meat Inspection Act The Federal Reserve Act,, and The Hepburn Act. All of this legislation gave the government an extremely large amount of power to regulate business and industry as well as the people of the United States of America.
During the 18th century, Louis XIV Baroque chairs were made especially for French King, Louis XIV. These chairs were made to expose the Power that King Louis XIV owned. The overall look of these chairs, had great volume and, were very masculine. The arms and legs of the chairs were usually engraved with acanthus leaves, fluer-de-lis, human, and animal grotesques (The Aestate). Other engravings found on the ancient chairs included: a gold sun with a head in the middle, which illustrated Louis XIV as a half god. The upholstery on these pieces of furniture was typically textured, and had quite the look! They came in a variety of designs and fabrics. The outrageous design of this chair was made to show Louis XIV’s power over the French church.
art from what is sometime termed the the ‘classical’ period, such as the great brass and bronze castings from western Africa, (need to write more about this) add ref
Federalism, by definition, is the division of government authority between at least two levels of government. In the United States, authority is divided between the state and national government. “Advocates of a strong federal system believe that the state and local governments do not have the sophistication to deal with the major problems facing the country” (Encarta.com).
Anyway, what's so special about mahogany wood for furniture? Mahogany wood furniture represents elegance at its best, thanks to its distinguished
engraved lines that run all the way around them about 6 in. from the other.
There are many different types of wood that are used to make the body of a guitar, a few different types include basswood, maple, and walnut wood.
The paintings of the Celto-Germanic period, similar the metal work, involve many intricate spiral designs, interlaced with different shapes and animal figures. “They were colored with gum, glue or gelatin binders that were used on parchment” (Cleaver151). Used to illuminate scriptures, the paintings often depicted religious themes. Celto-Germanic architecture made extensive use of wood. Between 750 and 987 A.D. the Celto-Germanic style went through some changes and new styles evolved in different geographic locations. It was during this time the second period of medieval art began.
The materials can be applied to the base with a brush, but other tools such as sponges, roller, pad, airbrush, and knives can be used. Forms of expressions include drawing, gesture, composition, abstraction, narration, and etc. Paintings can be representational and naturalistic, photographic, symbolistic, emotive, or political in nature, and etc. In a history of painting a portion can be dominated to spiritual motifs and ideas in both Eastern and Western art. Examples of this painting range from artwork representing mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes rendered on the interior walls and ceilings of the Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other images of Eastern religious origins. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. The support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, leaf, copper and concrete, and the painting may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, plaster, gold leaf, as well as objects. The term painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. The painting also has brain and health benefits such as
Federalism is a legal concept that is centered around the concept that law is best handled as a two layered responsibility. Federalism is also built on a belief that sharing power with the local government is key to a successful governance. According to the text book, “the United States was the first nation to adopt federalism as its governing framework” (pg83). The following are a few examples of some advantages, as well as disadvantages of Federalism.
have ever seen. They are made of mahogany and have a stained glass window in
The house was old. My grandmother lived in it most of her life. The house was