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The role of peasants in medieval Europe
Medieval serf life
The role of peasants in medieval Europe
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In medieval society, the farmer was one who worked the land, raised crops and livestock, and a common role among serfs. A serf would most likely assume the role of a farmer, who was bound to a manor and had to provide plenty of agricultural labor so he could supply agricultural resources and services for the vassal. Over 80% of the medieval population were serfs who lived in the countryside and most spent their lives raising crops and livestock as farmers (History Alive!, Macdonald 18). They were legally bound to a manor and lived outside of it. (Bishop 230, 232) Farmers owed their loyalty to a vassal and had to provide labor and a portion of their produce and livestock. In return, they would get protection and their own strip of land to cultivate (Nardo 25, Bishop …show more content…
In the spring and summer, farmers dealt with weeds, sheared sheep, cut and stored hay, and worked on the lord’s land and gardens. They also harvested crops in late summer. In autumn, their job was to reap, thresh, and store grain. They also plowed the fields and planted seeds for the next harvest. Farmers also had to kill livestock to supply food such as in the winter with pigs (Nardo 25, Bishop 234, Bishop 112, Macdonald 18, 19). In the work of farmers, most of the supplies they produced was given to the vassal and monarch while they only got a small amount leftover (Nardo 25). To do their work, farmers had specific ways and tools to help them do their job. Farmers had an assortment of tools and equipment to use to help them farm. When it is time to plant seeds for the next harvest, farmers use a plow to make the soil ready to be sowed. Wheeled plows are used on sandy soil and moulboard plows that are pulled by oxen or horses are used to plow soil with lots of clay in it. Wooden rakes are then used after the soil is plowed to harrow or drag soil over the seeds to cover them (Hunt and Lapworth
If I lived in 1880, I would choose to be a farmer because of the Homestead Act of 1862, which allowed acres of land for any American citizens over 21. The Homestead Act provided many potential farmers with new land and a chance to make a living for themselves. African Americans also took advantage of this opportunity and moved their whole families along with them.
Typically, men were in charge of the household and provided most of the food and money for their family. In the Middle Ages, most men were either sheepherders or farmers. Different types of jobs given to the peasants included tasks such as raising crops and livestock and working the soil (Hinds 53). Both the women and children would sometimes take part in these tasks (Hinds 53). Duties given to women consisted of food processing and work around the house such as washing, cleaning, cooking, taking care of the animals and, of course, children and gardening (Barter 51).
The farmers were accustomed to a daily routine. Their activities revolved around farming. The farmers used traditional methods that were created by their ancestors. Many of the traditions of small villages were abandoned and they were introduced to new things. This helped the villages to become more advanced. Abandoning traditions allowed the small villages also become familiar to new technology. New features were introduced to Britain, such as the cultivation of turnips and potatoes. Two of the contributors to agriculture were Jethro Tull and Lord Towenshend. Those men made the importance of root crops important to agriculture. In addition to the innovations helping villages, they could also hurt them. These changes were very complex for the farmers. Learning new techniques could be confusing and could also destroy their crops, which would definitely hurt the farmers.
Social studies are usually a subject students find boring. The lesson created is meant to get every student excited and wanting to learn more. This lesson plan is about the Middle Ages or the Medieval Times. This was a time where things were different. People dressed and spoke in a different way. There were lords, ladies, and knights; castles, moats, and fighting. What student could be bored learning about this era?
Farming is the main supply for a country back then. The crops that farmers produce basically was the only food supply. That makes famers a very important part of society. Farmers back t...
The Seed plow is a very interesting artifact. In Mesopotamia they trained animals to pull the plow. They preferably liked to use Ox, Cow, Horse or Donkey to pull the plow because they were big and strong. The animal is hooked in front of the plow pulling, and the farmer is behind the plow pushing it into the ground. Since the plow is going into the ground, it makes rows in the soil. The seed plow is made for the seed that is in the plow drops into the row that it has made to plant the crops. Now all the farmer has to do is cover the seeds up and maintain his/her farm . (“Mesopotamia: Science & Inventions.". 07 Nov. 2013.)
to working in the fields, it wasn’t exactly what the landowners had them do. Workers also had
There were two levels of people who did farming, peasant and lords or priest. Peasants were farmers who don’t have a lot of freedom like marry or sell. Lords or priest had freedom.
...nnected to nature and have the responsibility of providing the world food, clothing, and a great deal of other things as well. Through it all farmers are a tight-knit group of men and women who have a mutual respect of nature and each other regardless of what type of farming they choose.
Food during the medieval times was very different from the modern-day food that most people are accustomed to today. For example, drinking alcoholic beverages was as routine as drinking water today. Also, food was not only used to nourish yourself, food served as a measure of wealth and social status. Food with lots of herbs and spices was an indicator of affluence serving as a symbol, because the rich could afford herbs and spices. However, herbs and spices were not only used to determine social status, they had another very important use. Medicine during the medieval ages relied heavily on various types of foods such as but not limited to herbs and spices. These three aspects of food during the medieval ages exemplify the major aspects which
Without farmers, there would be no food for us to consume. Big business picked up on this right away and began to control the farmers profits and products. When farmers buy their land, they take out a loan in order to pay for their land and farm house and for the livestock, crops, and machinery that are involved in the farming process. Today, the loans are paid off through contracts with big business corporations. Since big business has such a hold over the farmers, they take advantage of this and capitalize on their crops, commodities, and profits.
Farmers farm chickens, cows, and bulls for us to have enough food to feed all of the U.S. According to farmer grower Michael Jackson about how farmers grow many crops. According to Agriculture website the voice of the way how farmers has to use two percent of the U.S population. Farmers are all around the world to feed people in their country to keep the people enough food to keep the people full. Farmers also grow many things for us so we can have enough food for the adults and kids and the ones on the way so they could have the food to grow strong and
Around the late 19th century displeasurable and unfair actions have been acted toward farmers, working men, and minorities. The Industrialist took advantage of their lack of power, and bribed government officials and pursed corruption actions towards laborers. However, the loudest voice of the group was the Agrarian workers and American Farmers. Ask yourself, was the farmers outcry's pure pointless complaints towards Industrialist malicious actions or potential abuse that impedes an unbalanced industrialized society? Farmers were falling into unprofitable production and debt using all the profit innovating machines the government encouraged them to use. Foreign products led to unprofitable life, and farmers fell into a depression. Many parties were formed to speak what was on their mind, one of the main parties includes the populist party, fighting for what should be truthfully theirs.
Agriculture is quite possibly the most important advancement and discovery that humanity has made. It produces the one thing that we need the most: food. It has been around since 9500 BC, and can be the oldest sign of mankind’s acumen and the development and evolving of our minds and creations. Agriculture has been mastered throughout hundreds of years and is one of our most important resources on Earth, along with water and fossil fuels. Although the older farming methods from ancient times seem somewhat mediocre and barbaric, they were very ingenious and advanced for that time period. Over thousands of years, we have improved the way agriculture is used, how land is cultivated, the various techniques of farming and irrigation, and the tools and mechanics used. Numerous things that we see as aboriginal today, such as using a hand plow, were extremely contemporary in ancient times, and played key roles in the development of man and society, since quick labor was not abundant before this time. We are now extremely advanced in agriculture and irrigation and the tools used to farm and grow and harvest crops. We have learned from our past and ancestors how to grow and evolve in our methods and have advanced forward greatly.
Farming has been an occupation since 8,500 B.C. On that year in the Fertile Crescent farming first began when people grew plants instead of picking them in the wild. Then nearly 5,000 years later oxen, horses, pigs, and dogs were domesticated. During the middle ages, the nobles divide their land into three fields. The reasoning for this was to plant two and leave one to recover. This was the start of crop rotation which is a big part of farming today. Burning down forest and then moving to another area is a farming technique used by the Mayans called Slash and burn. Mayan farmers also were able to drain swampy areas to farm them buy building canals. In 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill and a horse drawn how that tilled the land. In Denmark they would plant turnips in the previously unplanted field. The turnips help restore the nutrients in the ground thus crop rotation is born. In England people began moving there fields closer to each other for a more efficient way of planting. Later in the 18th century selective breeding was introduce which made bigger, stronger, and more milk producing livestock. In the mid 1800’s a steam plough was invented. By the 1950 tractors, milking machines, and combines were used by almost farmers. The latest f...