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Essay about challenges women face in literature
Representation Of Women In Literature
Victorian golden age
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The Evolution of Women in The Mayor of Casterbridge
Thomas Hardy’s novel The Mayor of Casterbridge takes place in a pretend town in Victorian England. The characters in his novel highly reflect the ideals and morals of the time period. However, during the Victorian Era, different types of women started to form. Hardy outlines the evolution of women during the Victorian Period through the characterization of Susan Henchard, Lucetta Templeman, and Elizabeth-Jane Newson.
Although her presence in the novel is brief, Susan Henchard represents a subservient Victorian woman. A very simple, plain-looking woman, she allows herself to be classified almost as a second-class citizen. As often thought about woman during this time period, “The woman is the weaker and the fleshlier, and she clings to the stronger and obscures his [man’s] vision” (Brady 97). At the beginning of the novel, Susan agrees to be sold to the sailor. As her husband, Michael Henchard, states, “But she is willing, providing she can have the child. She said so only the other day when I talked o’t” (10). Susan goes along with whatever her husband says, believing she must listen to every word he says. As Dana Allingham describes in her essay about women’s role in the novel, “Henchard’s auctioning off his wife to the highest bidder at Weydon Fair...verifies that in early nineteenth century England women of her in class in rural districts were regarded as little more than stock to be disposed of at their owners’ whims…” (1). Women during this time period were also less educated than men. They did not know any better than the treatment they were receiving. The traditional subordinate woman relied on her husband’s thoughts rather than create her...
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... display the change from simple, obedient women to women who begin to learn to think for themselves. Knowledge is power for these women. The more they know the more independent they can become. Even since the Victorian Period, this has remained true. In the modern world, education is key for the equalization of men and women.
Works Cited
ana E. "The Social Role and Treatment of Women in Thomas Hardy's "The
Mayor of Casterbridge"" The Victorian Web. 17 Sept. 2003. Web. 02 May 2014.
Brady, Kristin. "Thomas Hardy and matters of gender." The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer. New York: Cambridge UP, 2003. 93-111. Print.
Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. New York: Bantam, 2005. Print.
Millgate, Michael. "The Role of Elizabeth-Jane." The Mayor of Casterbridge. Ed. Phillip Mallett. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. 361-66. Print.
Judith R. Walkowitz is a Professor Emeritus at John Hopkins University, specializing in modern British history and women’s history. In her book City of Dreadful Delight, she explores nineteenth century England’s development of sexual politics and danger by examining the hype of Jack the Ripper and other tales of sensational nature. By investigating social and cultural history she reveals the complexity of sexuality, and its influence on the public sphere and vice versa. Victorian London had upheld traditional notions of class and gender, that is until they were challenged by forces of different institutions.
It is a declaration for the equal rights of man and women. The political significance of Mary Wollstonecraft cannot be overstated—her work is regarded as one of the first greatest feminist treatises in history and is also seen as the first step towards liberal feminism. She fought equality for women in the political sphere, but she also addressed the need for equality in the social, private realm. She emphasized the need for reform in women’s status, education, and maternal duties. In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft argues that men and women are born with the same ability to reason. Therefore, men and woman should equally be able to exercise reason and attain knowledge. And conclusively, educated women would ultimately improve society; they would become better wives and mothers (72, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman). She argues that the current education system (i.e. Rousseau’s ideas of women education) restricts women and subjects them into passivity. Women are not perceivably “smart” as men because they have not been given the opportunity to be; women receive a “disorderly kind of education” (46, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman). Women are kept in passivity, forced to superficiality and shallowness. She derides these traits that are seen as inherent to a woman’s nature and asks the powerful question: how are women supposed to contribute to society if they have been reduced to their appearance and bodily function? For a thriving, modern and true civilization to succeed, each and every individual must be encouraged to seek moral and intellectual development, including
As Clive Emsly explained in The Old Bailey Proceedings, in the eighteenth century, men were viewed as the stronger sex. They were expected to be tougher, both physically and emotionally, to have determination and will. Men were to be logical thinkers and erudite, they had to dominate their households and provide for their families. By the nineteenth century, historians argue that even though women began to experience more freedom in the workforce, they were still confined socially. Men were still expected to lead their households and be “breadwinners.” For many years, men dominated almost every aspect of society. However, in the past few decades, a movement known as feminism emerged. The feminist movement fought for women’s rights to an education and equality. Women longed for an opportunity to gain knowledge and freedom to seek adventure. In recent years, more so than ever, the feminist movement has made great advances. It has instigated a shift in gender roles and constructs forever altering how society views women and men.
The 19th Century is an age that is known for the Industrial Revolution. What some people don’t realize is the effect that this revolution had on gender roles in not only the middle and upper classes (Radek.) It started off at its worst, men were considered powerful, active, and brave; where as women were in no comparison said to be weak, passive, and timid (Radek.) Now we know this not to be true, however, back in the day people only went by what would allow ...
During the Victorian Era, society had idealized expectations that all members of their culture were supposedly striving to accomplish. These conditions were partially a result of the development of middle class practices during the “industrial revolution… [which moved] men outside the home… [into] the harsh business and industrial world, [while] women were left in the relatively unvarying and sheltered environments of their homes” (Brannon 161). This division of genders created the ‘Doctrine of Two Spheres’ where men were active in the public Sphere of Influence, and women were limited to the domestic private Sphere of Influence. Both genders endured considerable pressure to conform to the idealized status of becoming either a masculine ‘English Gentleman’ or a feminine ‘True Woman’. The characteristics required women to be “passive, dependent, pure, refined, and delicate; [while] men were active, independent, coarse …strong [and intelligent]” (Brannon 162). Many children's novels utilized these gendere...
The principal of empowerment lies in the capability of a woman to control her own purposes. Previously in the 70’s, being an empowered women wasn’t an option. They didn’t have equal capabilities such as education to achieve literacy, health and equal access to resources and opportunities such as employment with same wage as men. However, to use those rights, skills, resources, and opportunities to make deliberate decisions such as providing through management opportunities and involvement in political organizations, weren’t an option either. Also women wanted to live without the fear of pressure and violence threw out those historical times. Because the stereotype for women was the proper place for them to be was home while men worked to provide for his family. These boundaries have made men the guardians of what has been taught and understood concerning gender and the placement of men and women in society. However, this perspective has changed over the years. Women have now stepped outside of those powerless limits of domesticity and have now been recognized as gender equality. Women today in society now have strengthen opportunities for a proper education, assurance for sexual and reproductive health and rights, abolish gender discrimination in employment by decreasing women’s dependence as a house wife as an employment, increased women’s share of seats in
In today’s world, gender roles still exist, and there is much controversy regarding the topic. I believe how gender roles are viewed is partly what determines how advanced a society of people has become. Even though today’s modern women have advanced somewhat from their roles prior to 1500, more advancement is needed fo...
Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge. Sex is so intertwined in our society that it pervades each facet, including television, books, advertising, and conversation. Movies like The Matrix toss in gratuitous sex because the audience nearly expects it. Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge, therefore, is exceptional in its lack of sexual situations. The subject of sexual motivation and its inherent ambiguity with regard to Henchard's actions is a topic that caught my attention from the very first pages of The Mayor of Casterbridge.
Woman were simply unable to educate themselves due to the men controlling them. Mills suggests that if women were allowed to educate themselves it would also improve and train the capacities of men,”Women in general would be brought up equally capable of understanding business,public affairs, and the higher matters of speculation, with men in the same class of society; and the select few of the one as well of the other sex, who were qualified not only to comprehend what is done or thought by others, but to think or do something considerable themselves, would meet with the same facilities for improving and training their capacities in the one sex as in the other”(676-677). Mills is corroborating the age-old adage that, ‘you can’t live with em and you can’t live without em’, em being men and women. By educating women it allows them to higher the education of men because they can comprehend and respond to what the man is saying. Educating females during this time would also teach them to be self dependent; a trait which a lot of them lacked. Self-Dependence, along with intelligence for the women of the Victorian age was non existent. Even if a Woman wanted to be self-dependent, they couldn’t, either they weren’t allowed, or they simply didn 't know how. Mills suggests that during this time women knew nothing else, they were born into this thinking, “A woman born to the present lot of women, and content with it, how should she appreciate the value of self-dependence; her destiny is to receive everything from others”(681). Mill 's point is that with the inequality of women during this era, they were unable to know anything else than co-dependency. Mills wants to point out that without giving the women equal rights of men, they can never improve. They will be stuck in the same social class, as second class citizens;
The Victorian era established strict guidelines and definitions for the ladies and gentleman. Noble birth typically defined one as a "lady" or a "gentleman," but for women in this time period, socioeconomic rank and titles held no prestige or special privileges in a male-dominated society. Commonly, women in this era generally tried to gain more influence and respect but to no avail as their male counterparts controlled the ideals and practices of society. Women were subject to these ideals and practices without any legal or social rights or privileges. In the literary titles by Frances Power Cobbe, Sarah Stickney Ellis, Charlotte Bronte, Anne Bronte, John Henry Cardinal Newman, Sir Henry Newbolt, and Caroline Norton, the positions, opinions, and lifestyles of men and women during the Victorian era were clearly defined. Men in the Victorian era were raised to be intellectually and physically sound in order to be skillful in the workplace and the military while women were typically restricted to fulfilling roles within the home. As the female desire for equal rights and representation under the law mounted, an international vigor for female equality would produce a call for equality.
Along with remarriage and the responsibility of a daughter, Henchard also adopts a work associate. Donald Farfrae, a young Scottish man, is appointed manager of Henchard’s dwindling corn business. In this point of the novel, the character development of Michael Henchard is proved through every outwardly observable aspect. Henchard holds postion of mayor, rekindles his marriage, and gains a friend. Alas this prosperity for Michael Henchard is not permanent. Although the managing skills of Donald Farfrae allow for a revival of Henchard’s corn business, Farfrae’s interest in becoming mayor drive the two apart. Henchard displays immense insecurity as he reverts to old habits and dismisses his colleague, Farfrae, despite the tremendous help he has provided Henchard with both his business as well as his well-being. This tendency is not odd though, Henchard also disowns his daughter, Elizabeth-Jane, for a similar reason. When Henchard is given the upsetting news of his daughter’s biological origins, he can no longer tolerate her presence in his household. Feeling as if he holds no importance in Elizabeth-Jane’s life, he lets insecurity and self-pity take control. Although Elizabeth-Jane was all Henchard had left after his wife’s death, the thought of caring for another man’s daughter was too much for Henchard to bear. Elizabeth-Jane eventually slipped out of Henchard’s life just as she had before that night at the furmity
...rom the confines of gender and social inequality, there must be an equal freeing of men. The limits that we place on the lives of both women and men must dissolve together in order to achieve equality. The social construct of 'woman' was built in the context of the construct of 'man'. To change one without the other would be impossible. The politics, laws, economics and sociocultural systems that prop up inequality must also be renovated and/or dissolved somehow in order for anyone, man or woman, to be free of deeply ingrained systems of inequality. There can be no shift toward equality without recognition and recalibration of the power structures that enable and perpetuate imbalance. If we can solve all that, then equality is feasible. If not, or if only in a far and distant future, it is absolutely necessary to believe that it will always be worth striving toward.
Jane Austen’s works are characterized by their classic portrayals of love among the gentry of England. Most of Austen’s novels use the lens of romance in order to provide social commentary through both realism and irony. Austen’s first published bookThe central conflicts in both of Jane Austen’s novels Emma and Persuasion are founded on the structure of class systems and the ensuing societal differences between the gentry and the proletariat. Although Emma and Persuasion were written only a year apart, Austen’s treatment of social class systems differs greatly between the two novels, thus allowing us to trace the development of her beliefs regarding the gentry and their role in society through the analysis of Austen’s differing treatment of class systems in the Emma and Persuasion. The society depicted in Emma is based on a far more rigid social structure than that of the naval society of Persuasion, which Austen embodies through her strikingly different female protagonists, Emma Woodhouse and Anne Eliot, and their respective conflicts. In her final novel, Persuasion, Austen explores the emerging idea of a meritocracy through her portrayal of the male protagonist, Captain Wentworth. The evolution from a traditional aristocracy-based society in Emma to that of a contemporary meritocracy-based society in Persuasion embodies Austen’s own development and illustrates her subversion of almost all the social attitudes and institutions that were central to her initial novels.
Women have always been essential to society. Fifty to seventy years ago, a woman was no more than a house wife, caregiver, and at their husbands beck and call. Women had no personal opinion, no voice, and no freedom. They were suppressed by the sociable beliefs of man. A woman’s respectable place was always behind the masculine frame of a man. In the past a woman’s inferiority was not voluntary but instilled by elder women, and/or force. Many, would like to know why? Why was a woman such a threat to a man? Was it just about man’s ability to control, and overpower a woman, or was there a serious threat? Well, everyone has there own opinion about the cause of the past oppression of woman, it is currently still a popular argument today.
Women's impact is simply due to the fact that they are now educating themselves. They are now concerned with the improvement of their own position. Women are fighting for their...