During the 1700’s England was undergoing change and rejuvenation. The Queen had come to the thrown and colonies were being developed. It was a time of invention and great strides in the field of chemistry. During this period the demand for medical care was increasing as well as the need for medical advances. Surgeries such as childbirth, teeth extractions, leg amputations, and even tumor removal were being done in absence of any pain reliving substances. Many physicians and dentists were curious as how to lessen the pain of their patients. It is no wonder that nitrous oxide was discovered during this period, but as it came to be the discovery of nitrous oxide in regards to medical anesthetic would be no easy feat.
Joseph Priestly was the first to begin studying the effects of nitrous oxide. Joseph Priestly was an influential chemist whom throughout history contributed to many great strides in the study of chemistry. Headed by Joseph Blacks discovery that gases were substances in their own right and Hales apparatus to find gas over water Priestly sought out to report on gases. Priestley made N2O by heating ammonium nitrate in the presence of iron filings, and then passing the gas that came off (NO) through water to remove toxic by-products8. Priestley discovered NO, NO2, N2, HCl and N2O (all in 1772), O2 (1774) and SO(J.R Parington). Black reported on O2 s calling it nitrous air diminished. Priestley’s goal was to report upon gases, soon after this was accomplished Priestly moved on leaving further discovery of O2 in the hands of his future colleagues.
Humphrey Davy was an English chemist who was the head of the Pneumatic Institute in Bristol, UK. Humphry was trying to find a way to rid people of tuberculosis using various gases. H...
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...in need, fuel our cars, and make delicious whipped cream pies. Despite even the most harmful effects as a result of nitrous oxides chemical properties nitrous oxide has and will continue to make great strides.
Bibliography
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2. W D A Smith, Br. J. Anaesth., 1972, 44, 297 (DOI: 10.1093/bja/44.3.297)
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5. N Pirogoff, Researches on etherization, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1847
6. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.
Duerden, M. & Price, D. (2001). Training issues in the use of inhalers. Practical Disease
Roscher, Nina M., and Cavanaugh, Margaret A. (1987) The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. " Academic Women Chemists in the 20th Century: Past, Present, Projections." Journal of Chemical Education 64:823-827.
Nitrous oxide is administered via a face mask and is used to take the edge off of your nerves. This form of sedation is great for uncomplicated procedures and for patients experiencing only mild levels of fear or anxiety. If you fall into this category, nitrous oxide sedation may be for you.
Henry, John. (2001). The scientific revolution and the origins of modern science. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Publishing
The French were the first to start experimenting on chemical agents in 1912. They first used it on their people as riot control to capture criminals that who had robbed a bank. They used 26 millimeter grenades filled with chemical agents into the center of the group criminals they were attempting to apprehend. It was not said if it was effective but continued to look into using it for other means. However, the Germans at this time had not been interested in producing any kinds of chemical weapons.
U.S. Army Chemical School. (n.d.). History of the Chemical Corps (Essay). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from cbrn.wood.army.mi: https://cbrn.wood.army.mil/bbcswebdav/pid-47873-dt-content-rid-173075_1/courses/031_494-74D40-C46_CBRN_SLC_Phase_1_2014_000_01_N/031-SLA05%20History%20of%20Chem%20Corps%20%28essay%29%281%29.pdf
In the eighteenth century, as the Age of Enlightenment permeated Europe and nations beyond, scientists made significant progress in unlocking the secrets of the natural world. Men like Sir Humphry Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier, and others all created a name for themselves due to their discoveries. However, another important scientist of that time, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, is less well-known due to his independence and unwillingness to publish. Even though Scheele did not receive enough credit for his work discovering elements, acids, and other compounds, countless scientists have benefitted from acquiring his knowledge. Carl Wilhelm Scheele was born in 1742 in a part of Germany under Swedish control. At fifteen,
Laughing gas or nitrous oxide combined with oxygen is another form of minimal sedation. The dentist determines the amount of sedation needed, and patients find the effects wear off quickly. Patients who choose this option drive themselves home after the dental work is finished, and this is the only type of sedation where this is an option.
Brophy, L. (1966). The chemical warfare service from laboratory to field . Office of the Chief of
This chemistry book report is focus on a book called “Napoleon's buttons: How 17 molecules changed history” by Penny Le Couteur and Jay Burreson. The publisher of this book is Tarcher Putnam, the book was published in Canada on 2003 with 17 chapters (hey the number match the title of the book!) and a total of 378 pages. The genre of this book is nonfiction. “Napoleon's Buttons” contain a fascinating story of seventeen groups of molecules that have greatly changed the course of history and continuing affect the world we live in today. It also reveal the astonishing chemical connection among some unrelated events, for example: Chemistry caused New Amsterdamers to be renamed New Yorkers and one little accident of detonating cotton apron in a minor housekeeping mishap lead to the development of modern explosives and the founding of the movie industry.
Faraday's work on the liquefaction of gases came at a time when the Royal Institution was experiencing lean times and researchers had been forced to turn their attention towards the commercial aspects of science in order to survive. In between working on steel for surgical instruments and improving the manufacture of glass for optics, Faraday continued his research. After fruitlessly heating gases in an attempt to liquefy them, Faraday chan...
6. L. Pearce Williams and Henry John Steffens, The Scientific Revolution, vol. 2 of The
Creating a new field of science by the time he was thirty, Sir Humphry Davy began influencing our world at an early age, changing and expanding the realm of science. He is considered to be one of the finest scientists Great Britain has ever produced. Davy has accomplished a vast variety of awards and discoveries, including earning a Copley Medal and being knighted in 1812; as well as being known for his work with alkali and alkaline earth metals, and making discoveries with other elements such as chlorine and iodine.
Ramsay’s earliest works were in the field of organic chemistry. In his early experiments he showed that the alkaloids are related to pyridine, which he synthesized in 1876 from acetylene and prussic acid. Some of his first work was related with the study of a new Bismuth mineral, which was only recognized as a metal until the 18th Century. William Ramsay also verified Roland Eötvö's law for the constancy of the rate of change of molecular surface energy with temperature. Ramsay published his work in accordance to Dobbie, on the decomposition products of the quinine alkaloids. William was very successful and submitted many contributions to physical chemistry, being mostly on Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics. He also commenced the 1880’s with his work with Sidney Young on evaporation and dissociation.