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The old man and the sea connection to bible
Hemingway's Message on the Old Man and the Sea Christianity
Discuss symbolism in the Old Man and the Sea. To what effect does Hemingway employ such images
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The Effective Use of Imagery in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea
Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea has engendered some lively debate in literary circles. Critics have concentrated on everything in the novella from the verity of Rigel's early evening appearance over Cuban skies in September (Weeks 192) to William Faulkner's judgment that Hemingway discovered God while writing The Old Man and the Sea (Bradford 158-62). Yet the most insightful commentary has gravitated invariably toward biblical, natural, and classical imagery in the novel. These images turn an otherwise simple fishing tale into a sublime narrative of human endurance. A reading that examines these images will serve to clarify the hidden significance in Hemingway's novel.
Biblical imagery literally abounds in The Old Man and the Sea. The name "Santiago" itself is a biblical allusion. Donald Heiney informs us that "Santiago is simply the Spanish form of Saint James, and James like Peter was a fisherman-apostle in the New Testament. Santiago de Compostela is the patron saint of Spain and is also greatly revered by Cuban Catholics" (86). Sam Baskett enhances this image by indicating that Saint James "was martyred 'with the sword' by Herod" (278). In the novel, we see Santiago entrenched in battle with a swordfish, and, if we are to believe Baskett, he eventually dies after the struggle (269). In a sense, Santiago, like James, is martyred "with the sword."
Santiago's battle with the fish produces myriad biblical images, and while the most obvious are Santiago-as-Christ, others exist as well. Arvin Wells, for example, provides a Santiago-as-Cain analogy: "Repeatedly, [Santiago] addresses the fish as 'brother'. . . Yet, at the same ti...
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...y, Donald W. Barron's Simplified Approach to Ernest Hemingway. Woodbury: Barron's Educational Series, 1965.
Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: MacMillan, 1952.
Jobes, Katharine, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Old Man and the Sea. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
Moseley, Edwin M. Pseudonyms of Christ in the Modern Novel: Motifs and Methods. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962.
Rosenfield, Claire. "New world, Old Myths." Jobes 41-55.
Sylvester, Bickford. "Hemingway's Extended Vision: The Old Man and the Sea." Jobes 81-96.
Weeks, Robert P. "Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea." College English 24 (1962): 188-92.
Wells, Arvin R. "A Ritual of Transfiguration: The Old Man and the Sea." Jobes 56-63.
Young, Philip. "The Old Man and the Sea: Vision/Revision." Jobes 18-26.
Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952, the last of his fiction stories to be published before his death in 1961 (Lombardi). The novella is still celebrated to this day as a riveting tale of man versus nature under the most dire of circumstances. The story’s protagonist, Santiago, is a man with supreme determination and hope. His battle with the great marlin is an illustration of human strength, physically and mentally, at its finest. These qualities about him, along with the decisions he makes throughout the novel, give him similarities to Christ, while other elements of Hemingway’s prose can arguably serve as Christian symbolism as well.
The main arguments in this source is the old man 's dependents on the boy, feminizing the sea and the respectful engagement of its feminine presents, and Interspecies kinship—brotherhood between man and animals, as well as with nature. The purpose of this source is to show the reasons why the old man feels defeat with old age. This source relates to The Old Man and the Sea because many times throughout the novel when Santiago was in the sea, he wished Manolin was there to help him because he has a rough time doing some things nowadays, but his old age still does not stop him from catching that
Murphy, B. & Shirley J. The Literary Encyclopedia. [nl], August 31, 2004. Available at: http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2326. Access on: 22 Aug 2010.
Lack of Jobs, Poverty, Domestic violence, Negative peer networks, Lack of parental supervision and early academic failure. Although there are all these risk factors gangs are still expanding. Most young people join because they need a sense of family. They might not get enough support at home of feel like they don't get support so they leave home for companionship. They are trying to escape a negative home life, or they may be looking for a father figure to guide them. Gangs often make promises to give unconditional support, and to become the "family" they never had. Gangs often present themselves as a way to survive everyday life to those who lack basic essentials such as food, clothing and shelter. Gangs members use their affiliation to make money through illegal activities, like selling drugs and auto theft. Communities with high gang activity usually see younger kids join gangs to survive. It is often easier to join the gang than to remain to yourself, as this is a sign of vulnerability. One of the biggest reasons why kids join gangs is because of peer pressure. Kids face a constant pressure to fit in, they may not have the support they need to avoid the pressure of gangs.Some young people get a rush out of defying authority, or committing crimes. Currently gangs offer a brand new life style. Gang members usually have the newest clothes, the best cars, and throw the best
0.8% of the overall Federal health expenditure in 2009 which was spent on Aboriginal health. The overall wellbeing of an individual is more than just being free from disease. It is about their social, emotional, spiritual, physiological as well as the physical prosperity. Indigenous health issues are all around us, but we don’t recognise because it doesn’t affect us, but this issue is a concern to Indigenous Australia and also to modern day Catholics in Australia The statistics relating to Indigenous health is inexcusable, life expectancy is at an all time low, higher hospilatisation for avoidable diseases, alerting rates of deaths from diabetes and kidney disease. This issue is bigger than we all think, for example 13% of Indigenous homes
In conclusion the colonisation of Australia and the adoption of discriminatory policies eroded Aboriginal culture and tradition affecting their sense of well-being and thus deteriorated their health. Today these policies are reflected in the social determinants of health as socio-economic disadvantages. They continue to impact contemporary Aboriginal people. In order to improve Aboriginal health outcomes; the impacts of these policies need to be overturned. This can be done by assisting them with improving their socio-economic status in the light of their needs and traditions.
The characters in The Old Man and the Sea are in actuality, major figures in the New Testament. Santiago is an old man, yet he had young eyes. No matter how defeated he was, he would never show it and he would look on the brighter side of things. In my mind, these traits make Santiago a god-like figure. Manolin, which translates into Messiah, is Jesus (Stoltzfus qtd in CLC 13:280). Santiago is the "father" who teaches his symbolic son and disciple, Manolin. After catching the largest marlin, Manolin will leave his parents in order to follow the teachings of Santiago, his master, just as Jesus did (Stoltzfus qtd in CLC 13:280). Pedrico is actually Saint Peter, Jesus' closest apostle and a great fisherman (Wilson 50). Peter helped Jesus fish for souls as Pedrico helped Manolin fish for food. Santiago gives Pedrico the head of the mutilated marlin which symbolizes Saint Peter as head of the Christian church and the first Pope (Stoltzfus CLC 280).
Aboriginal peoples have very stressful and traumatic lives originating from the history of colonization. Colonialism is both a health determinant and a key influence on other health determinants that make it more difficult to maintain optimum health due to limited opportunities and resources (Nelson 2012).
There are many disparities when looking at the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community in comparison to the Australian population, as Indigenous Australians equal to about 2.5% of Australians population this is viewed as a major gap Disparities are very evident with regards to lower life expectancy and inequalities in health status, these disparities stem from high rates of behavioural risk factors and socio-economic status. These factors can influence their high rates of chronic diseases compared to non- Indigenous Australians.Cardiovascular disease is a major burden among Indigenous Australians and in data from 2002 was classified as one of the top leading causes of mortality among the Indigenous community, making up to 27% of all deaths in Indigenous (Australians Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008, p. ix). Age of onset was not clear as it can occur at any age, however it was developed at an earlier age among Indigenous Australians with risk increasing as they got older (see Appendix B) (Australians Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008, p.14). The gender distribution shows that in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians there was a greater number of Cardiovascular disease in women, this disparity was mainly due to the higher number of rheumatic heart disease and heart failure in females (Australians
Santiago’s attitude seems to be that although he faces difficulties, he finds the strength inside of him to be able to overcome them. Once he hooked the marlin, Santiago comes to a realization that he cannot kill the fish quickly. Though he is faced with a problem, the old man is able to find the best of the situation. He begins to form a bond with the marlin, as he repeatedly alludes to it as his own brother. “Now we are joined together and have been since noon. And no one to help either one of us” (Hemingway 50). Santiago recognizes that he and the marlin are just inhabitants of all the tropical life in the Gulf Stream. The fact that he is able to bond with the marlin shows how much he has encountered, for the marlin is Santiago’s prey, and he surprisingly finds a relation between him and the fish. This results in the formation of a bond. The marlin changes from merely being what Santiago was attempting to hunt down, to serving as a metaphor illustrating his emotional and physical position. “Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all his great length and width and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff. Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray over the old man and over all of the skiff” (Hemingway 94). The death of the marlin has great impact on Santiago...
Santiago is a complex character who learns a lot through the course of this story. He is a very good, humble man and loves Manolin, his apprentice. Santiago is a poor man and is regarded as bad luck by others because he was not caught a single fish in 84 days. One cannot help feel sorry for him because he is very alone. His wife died and the book suggested that he never had any children. Yet he was humble and did not complain at all about his hard life. Santiago is a very persistant and determined character. He fought the huge marlin that he had caught for three agonizing days desopite feeling intense pain. He often had contradictory feelings and thoughts. One that I found strange was when he felt sorry for the marlin while he joyfully pondered how much money he would get for selling the fish.
... minds of many with the great strength and patience: the passion that Santiago has for life, for nature, and for the harsh judgement of fellow fisherman.
The Old Man and the Sea has been a time old classic by a both beloved and occasionally despised author Mr. Ernest Hemingway. In the Old Man and the Sea Symbolism and references that reflect Hemingway’s own life can be seen in many different lights, he had many ups and downs similar as Santiago’s struggles and as I have chosen to explore the suffering that can be seen in Santiago and in relation to Hemingway’s own life.
A gang can be defined as a group of people who unite to serve a common purpose and engage in violent or otherwise criminal behavior. (http://www.ci.torrance.ca.us) The types of crimes committed by gang members differ between gangs, but the crimes generally associated with gangs include vandalism, robbery, drug-trafficking, assault, arson, and murder. There are many reasons why teenagers may join gangs. The root causes of violent gang formation are poverty, stressed families, unemployment, under-employment, under-education, racism, and the breakdown of sociocultural institutions. (http://www.instanet.com) Many people join gangs for protection from violent people in other gangs. (http://www.public.iastate.edu) Other people join gangs for the sense of family that comes along with it. The youth gang satisfies a void - the child's desire to feel secure. It provides the child with a sense of identity, belonging, power, and protection. The gang provides a protective barrier against the outside world. (http://www.highways.com)
Gangs have been around for centuries and the earliest mentioning of gangs is the rebellious children in the Bible mentioned in second kings (Cohn). From the late 1800s and 1960s gangs activities included fighting and other thrill seeking activity for youth. In the 1960’s is when the amount of minority gangs drastically increased leading to more gang conflict ,and due to the easy access of weapons crime rates sky-rocketed (Cohn). Organized gangs control their neighborhoods through violence and intimidation; gangs don’t only restrain themselves to one type of crime gang’s deteriorate neighborhood’s in several ways this includes drug distribution, assault, armed robbery, drive-by shootings, auto theft, identity theft, extortion, weapons trafficking, and homicide (Parks). “National Gang Threat Assessment” report states that according to law enforcement officials gangs throughout the United States commit as much as 80 percent of the crime in communities” (Parks). This exhibits the role gangs have in community’s; gangs ruin communities and make it unsafe to live and raise a family in any area that they are located. Gangs bring danger to a community that wouldn’t be there otherwise, and due to their intimidation method...