The Dreyfus affair was a scandal which rocked France for 12 years. It comprised of a Jewish staff officer named Alfred Dreyfus who was falsely convicted of giving French military secrets to the Germans. This came about when a ripped up letter was found in a bin at the German Embassy in Paris which had similar handwriting to that of Dreyfus. He was sent to Devil’s Island to serve a life sentence. It became such a huge scandal due to all of the speculation surrounding Dreyfus’ guilt or innocence. In 1896, Georges Picquart, ‘uncovered evidence pointing to another French military officer, Major Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy, as the real traitor.’ Once Picquart reported his findings he was told to stop his investigation, sent to Tunisia and then imprisoned. …show more content…
‘The themes would not change: hatred of the Jew, hatred of Germany, love of the homeland and the Army which embodied it, and fear of treason.’ Unfortunately, anti-Dreyfusard media was more influential as it reached more people. They had six newspapers with 2,170,000 readers whereas the Dreyfusard’s only had two newspapers with 200,000 readers. The uses of media from left and right were polar opposite. ‘The right used it to fanaticise the anti-Semitic masses, while the left cunningly manoeuvred its articles to denounce the conspiracy the army was carrying out.’ This use of the press divided France and opinion resulting in confusion for many with regards to who they should support in the Dreyfus affair.
On the other hand, France saw many positive outcomes of the Dreyfus Affair. The corruption of the Anti-Dreyfusards was exposed which discredited their reputation. It was clear to see that the army were in agreement with the statement ‘better that one man should suffer than the prestige of the French Army should be undermined in the face of the nation’s enemy.’ This can be seen as a positive as the truth was revealed in the end, gave triumph to those that had fought righteously and France was cleansed of
In March 11, 1900 in a German town called Konitz the severed body parts of a human were discovered. Almost immediately, the blame fell on the Jewish. As Smith points out, anti-Semitism had been on a steady decline, and the anti-Semitics were looking for ways to revitalize the movement. The murder was an opportunity for anti-Semitics revive their movement. After the identity of the body was discovered to be Ernst Winter, the Staatsburgerzeitung, an anti-Semitic newspaper, printed several articles focusing on Konitz. Using unverified accounts from people in the town, it claimed that the murder was a ritual murder that had been carried out by the Jewish. The use of fear mongering was affective because the paper was a Berlin based paper so distribution was wide, and news of the murder traveled far. A crucial facet of the rise of anti-Semitism was due to anti-Semitic newspapers taking stories such as the Ernst Winter murder and using them to promote their cause. One of Smith’s sources, the Preuβische Jahrbṻcher, had a printed article written by Heinrich von Treitschke who was an historian; in which one of his quotes was “The Jews are our misfortune.” His article was what later spurred the German population’s turn from liberalism a...
At the end of the 18th century, an undeclared war was going on between the United States and France because of the recent XYZ affair; triggering a positive reaction by Federalists like Fisher Ames to convince the authorities to make the war official. Not knowing what to do, President John Adams appointed former-President George Washington as commander of the army to hopefully resolve the issue with France through diplomacy (as was Washington's stance).
This is when the belief that one killer could be responsible for the deaths of eight different people, that they know of, all across France. The Magistrate who jurisdiction over the Laurent Case, Alphonse Benoist of Lyon, noticed similarities as well and using the resources of a reporter was able to gain a common element in many of...
This anti-Jew sentiment would further be sensationalized by rumors, political movements, and the biased, fabricated newspaper reports of the
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country.
Jacques Louis David began his career as a patriot championing the start of a new Revolution and urging others to devote their lives unto death for their cause. His own friend gave his life for the Revolution and David memorialized him on canvas. However when the time came for David to commit his own life for the cause he desired peace. David when released from prison wished he never had left his studio. Because of David we have visualize and sympathize with the French Revolution from the viewpoint of patriots, martyrs, and conciliators.
In a newspaper, normally more important news is published on the front page, except during the times of the Holocaust. Due to the fact the Times’ did not publish the stories on the front page of the paper and rather ‘hid’ them within the pages made it difficult for Americans to find the facts and understand their importance (Leff 51). The Times’ ran 1,147 stories which averaged to about seventeen stories a month (Leff 52). Within six years the Times’ only featured six stories that mentioned Hitler’s target; the Jewish race. The New York Times was the primary source for wartime news. When they neglected the events of the Holocaust it affected the judgment of other news sources as well (Max Frankel).
(p.20-21) As a result of the war, Russia was severely weakened, which greatly upset the balance of power in Europe. Taylor claims that, “What gave France independence as a Great Power was the alliance with Russia, which automatically halved German strength.” (p. 35) By the end of the war the “German Problem” remained.... ...
The French Revolution evokes many different emotions and controversial issues in that some believe it was worth the cost and some don't. There is no doubt that the French Revolution did have major significance in history. Not only did the French gain their independence, but an industrial revolution also took place. One of the main issues of the Revolution was it's human costs. Two writers, the first, Peter Kropotkin who was a Russian prince, and the other Simon Schama, a history professor, both had very opposing views on whether the wars fought by France during the Revolution were worth it's human costs. Krapotkin believed that the French Revolution was the main turning point for not only France but for most other countries as well. On the other hand, Schama viewed the French Revolution as unproductive and excessively violent.
During the early 1900’s and late 1800’s precipitated the first true form of American media. The daily newspapers have been a part of the United States for some time, but during 1880’s and 1890’s reports such as Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst began to transform the newspaper in order for it to become the first major stepping stone in mass media. These publishers, especially Hearst, took advantage of the American involvement in foreign affairs. Hearst convinced his audience that sinking of a U.S ship during the Spanish-American War obliged a military response. Although Hearst was not the initial cause of the war, there was proof that he had the power to distort information, images and options. By World War 1, the media involvement increase by a tremendous amount.
This investigation evaluates the significance of the role the media played in helping the Allie Forces win World War Two. To be specific, World War Two occurred between the years of 1939 to 1945. A brief synopsis of the developments of media outlets and their importance prior to the war will be investigated. Leaders of all the Allie Forces will be evaluated in this essay. The essay will focus primarily on the rise of media impact on the citizens of the United States, France and the United Kingdom. The Soviet Union will be mentioned but only minor. Two of the sources used in this essay Freedom Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War Two by Arthur Herman and World War II in Europe by World Book: Chicago are evaluated and used in this essay.
398).It is also stated that news divisions reduced their costs, and raised the entertainment factor of the broadcasts put on air. (p. 400). Secondly, the media determines its sources for stories by putting the best journalists on the case and assign them to areas where news worthy stories just emanates. (p.400). Third, the media decides how to present the news by taking the most controversial or relevant events and compressing them into 30 second sound-bites. (p.402). finally, the authors also explain how the media affects the general public. The authors’ state “The effect of one news story on public opinion may be trivial but the cumulative effect of dozens of news stories may be important. This shows a direct correlation between public opinions and what the media may find “relevant”. (Edwards, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2015, p.
The French people were quick to blame the government for all the misfortune they possess, yet ignored the potential evil or crisis the social body was heading towards within themselves. Because of the rapid sequence of horrific events in the beginning of the French revolution, it prevented the subversive principles to be spread passes the frontiers of France, and the wars of conquest which succeeded them gave to the public mind a direction little favorable to revolutionary principles (2). French men have disgraced the religion by ‘attacking with a steady and systematic animosity, and all it is there that the weapon of ridicule has been used with the most ease and success (2). Metternich was not in support of the French
As the Reign of Terror in France grew and invoked fear the internal threats became more radical and deadly. The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt to create a new and fair government. (Doc A) As year four of freedom lurched the thirst for power in Maximilien Robespierre stirred and the hunger for more blood provoked him urging him to create the Reign of Terror. 1793, the first year of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre grasped on to his new power and as the revolution spun out of control the Jacobins Club established a new way to “fight enemies” by constructing a Committee of Public Safety and a Tribunal Court. (Doc A) This new government was working swell it contained counterrevolutionaries in the Vendée Region, and it smothered and ferreted the internal threats. (Docs A, C, G) The counterrevolutionaries adopted a name that meant trouble – the rabble. (Doc D) In a letter written by a city official of the Town of Niort a...
In Nazi Germany, it was very dangerous for reporters and press to print the truth because the government controlled what was published. Joseph Goebbles ministered what was shown to the public and controlled the mass media. He along with Hitler had a goal; to “Nazify the art and culture ...