Sub question 2:
If you want to get an indication of what affects ocean´s currents we first need to separate the currents in two different currents, each of them being influenced by different variables.
The surface currents are mostly generated by wind, the shape of landmasses nearby and the Coriolis force. The effects of these currents are most noticeable until a depth of 400 meters.
Below around 400 meters deep we will see the effects of deep-water currents. These are affected by differences in density and saltiness. So called ``cold water basins´´ contain huge amounts of extremely cold water causing interactions between the warmer water flowing over it. This causes upwelling currents filled with nutrients and oxygen to mix with surface water
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He observed the movement of a billiard-ball on a rotating table. The Coriolis Effect is caused by earth’s rotation on his axis. If the Earth did not rotate and stayed in place, the atmosphere would circulate between the poles (high pressure areas) and the equator (low pressure area). Because the Earth completes only one rotation per 24 hours, the force caused by the Coriolis Effect is quite small and its effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large distances and long periods of time, such as the water in the ocean. This force causes moving objects on the surface of the Earth to be deviated in a clockwise way on the Northern Hemisphere and in a counter-clockwise way on the Southern Hemisphere. We’re now going to give a mathematical meaning to the Coriolis Effect.
Newton’s second law of motion tells us that any resulting force may be defined by;
(1) F_res=m ×a
Since we are working in a three dimensional space we will give our formula vectors. We will now assume there are no other forces applied to the system we find;
(2) (F_c ) ⃗=m*(a_c ) ⃗
Since the Coriolis Effect is a Centripetal force it may also be combined
So from that facts and his theory to solve the planet problem, he explained the retrograde motion. (Retrograde motion is actually an optical illusion because it appears to go backward as Earth passes).
Isaac Newton discovered gravity when an apple had fallen on his head. He then began to think about how the apple had fallen onto his head and thus Newton’s three laws of motion were created. Newton’s first law of motion is an object in motion tends to stay in motion; an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless another force is acted upon it. Newton’s second law of motion is about the formula for force, which is force= mass*acceleration. Newton’s third law of motion is for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Furthermore, Isaac Newton created the three laws of motion.
Prompt: Define Newton’s Third Law, give three effects of it, and create an experiment designed to explore one aspect of it.
In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Canon, published “On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs”. The popular view is that Copernicus discovered that the earth revolves around the sun. The notion is as old as the ancient Greeks however. This work was entrusted by Copernicus to Osiander, a staunch Protestant who though the book would most likely be condemned and, as a result, the book would be condemned. Osiander therefore wrote a preface to the book, in which heliocentrism was presented only as a theory which would account for the movements of the planets more simply than geocentrism did, one that was not meant to be a definitive description of the heavens--something Copernicus did not intend. The preface was unsigned, and everyone took it to be the author’s. That Copernicus believed the helioocentric theory to be a true description of reality went largely unnoticed. In addition to the preface, this was partly because he still made reassuring use of Ptolemy's cycles and epicycles; he also borrowed from Aristotle the notion that the planets must move in circles because that is the only perfect form of motion.
The Sun’s radiation heats the upper atmosphere, sending the energy toward the earth’s surface and finally mixes with the planet’s counter-rotational currents, creating jetstream flows. The winds flow over the ocean’s surface creating friction that spawns chops, pushing up the seas forming perfect bands of open ocean swell. Pushed on by gravitational forces, the swells speed away from the winds that they came from, moving across the deeps until they feel the drag of the shallows near the coast. As the swells rise up out of themselves, they peak, curling into the liquid dreams that we surfers ride (Kampton 4).
Isaac Newton’s story of how an apple falling from a tree that hit his head inspired him to formulate a theory of gravitation is one that all school children grow up hearing about. Newton is arguably one of the most influential scientific minds in human history. He has published books such as Arithmetica Universalis, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, Methods of Fluxions, Opticks, the Queries, and most famously, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia MathematicaHe formulated the three laws of gravitation, discovered the generalized binomial theorem, developed infinitesimal calculus (sharing credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz, who developed the theory independently), and worked extensively on optics and refraction of light. Newton changed the way that people look at the world they live in and how the universe works.
The three laws of motion are three rules that explain the motion of an object. The first law is the law of inertia. It states that every object remains at rest unless it is compelled by an external force. The second law is the law of acceleration. This law shows when there is a change in force, it causes a change in velocity. Finally, the third law states that every force in nature has an equal and opposite reaction. His discovery in calculus help confirms his second law of motion. Calculus also gave Isaac Newton powerful ways to solve mathematical problems. Lastly, for the color spectrum, he produced a beam of light from a tiny hole in a window shade. He placed a glass prism in front of the beam of light creating a color spectrum. In Newton’s undergraduate days, Newton was greatly influenced by the Hermetic tradition. After learning about the Hermetic tradition it influenced him to look at a different perspective into his discoveries and theories. One of the myths that followed the discovery is his discovery of universal gravitation. It is said that while Isaac Newton was thinking about the forces of nature, an apple fell on his head and he found the theory of gravity. There is no evidence that an apple fell on Newton’s head, but the evidence is shown that Newton got an idea of the theory of gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree. During his life; however, Isaac Newton faced many obstacles. When he published some of his ideas in Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society, some people challenged his ideas such as Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens to a point where Newton stopped publishing his work. During his life, he also suffered a nervous breakdown in a period of his life. He was convinced his friends were conspiring against him, and he couldn’t sleep at all for five
The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely
Kinematics unlike Newton’s three laws is the study of the motion of objects. The “Kinematic Equations” all have four variables.These equations can help us understand and predict an object’s motion. The four equations use the following variables; displacement of the object, the time the object was moving, the acceleration of the object, the initial velocity of the object and the final velocity of the object. While Newton’s three laws have co-operated to help create and improve the study of
Ocean currents are horizontal or vertical movement of both surface and deep water throughout the world’s oceans (Briney, n.d.). The primary generating forces are wind and differences in water density caused by variations in temperature and salinity. Currents generated by these forces are modified by factors such as the depth of the water, ocean floor topography and deflection by the rotation of the Earth. Horizontal currents are wind driven, fast moving and carries small amount of water; while, vertical currents are slow moving, density driven and carries large bodies of water. In this paper I will describe horizontal and vertical currents, their importance and some of the tools used to measure ocean currents.
The Volume Library, vol. I, Physics: Newton's Law of Motion. Pg. 436. The Southwestern Company, Nashville, Tennessee, 1988.
...compasses to go haywire. Even less logical explanations such as alien attacks or particles from the city of atlantis affecting the magnetic field, exist, and are believed by some people. Other theories such as pirates, time vortexes, and methane hydrates are also thought to be a cause(http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/bermuda-triangle8.htm).
Have you ever seen an apple falling from a tree? It is a common sight in apple- growing areas and farms. However sometimes a common sight may spark a great idea in an intellectual mind of a genius.it is said that this sight of a falling apple resulted ISAAC NEWTON to realize that all objects are attracted towards the center of the earth.
Henderson, T. n.d. The physics classroom tutorial. Lesson 2: Force and Its Representation [Online]. Illinois. Available at: http://gbhsweb.glenbrook225.org/gbs/science/phys/class/newtlaws/u2l2b.html [Accessed: 28th March 2014].
The third law is, “For every action there is an equal and opposite force.” This means that there is a reaction force equal in size, but in opposite direction. So when an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction.