Report: Evaluating eqBQ
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 QUANTITY TAKE-OFF IN CONSTRUCTION
Quantity takeoff is an essential task in the construction process as it provides the basis for other construction tasks that follows. The building elements are measured and these quantities are then used to estimate the cost and the relevant workload involved. This information is then assembled in a Bill of Quantities (BQ). The BQ structures and organizes the information about measurements, productivities and costs, according to the construction task and considers the actual order of the construction process. For example, the foundational elements are under the same section in the BQ while the roof elements are under the same section in the BQ.
Quantity takeoff is applied throughout the whole construction phase. An accurate quantity takeoff is of paramount importance to ensure that the contractor will have enough finances for the project as taking off aims to achieve a thorough analysis of the productivity and of the different types of costs in a particular project.
1.2 WHAT IS BIM?
Building Information Mo...
Two models were created of the frame of the existing building. The first model was done in Revit and was created for the purpose of having a visual representation of the primary framing members of the building combined with the runway beams and columns for the crane system, Figure 14. The second model was done in RISA and was created for the purpose of analyzing the primary framing members for potential modifications.
Building codes are rules for the contractors, architects, and for the owner. Basically the codes are for to protect public safety, health, and welfare in construction and buildings. The building is a law that is amendments to the builders. With out the building codes we won’t be protected in buildings. Here are some of the buildings codes.
In order to estimate the environmental impact of a construction material, it is necessary to consider all stages
Pikas, E. (2013). Building information modeling dcation for construction engineeng and managemet. ii; procedures and implementaion case stdy. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(11), 04013016-1 - 04013014-11.
The construction phase would not be possible without the knowledge of basic geometry. Points, lines, measurements and angles are often used to lay out the building in accordance to the architect drawings.
In building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they different on sub-categorizing. The International Building Code uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. In addition to subcategories with letters for each five classes and the amount of fire resistance provided for each building. NFPA uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. Unlike the IBC, NFPA uses a 3-digit number system behind that to sub categorize the fire hourly rating for the load-bearing walls, for the beams and columns, and for the floor construction. The IBC and NFPA breaks down construction in to five classes, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V.
4) Order quantity. 5) Initial investment in deal/cost. 6) Profit from the deal. EVALUATION OF OPTION:
The uniqueness of this method is, it can be mostly used for buildings that would have 5 to 10 stories.
A building code is a set of rules that specify minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Building codes are generally applied by Architects, Engineers, Constructors, and Regulators. Building codes are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufactures of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants, and others. Codes regulating design and construction of structures were adopted into law. Codes in developed western nations can be quite complex, and exhausive. Building codes began in Ancient times. They have been developing ever
There are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solution to a problem. Even though engineer’s goals are similar, there are many different things that engineers do within their selected field of engineering. This paper will focus on the architectural field of engineering.
The design of tall buildings not only includes the structure, but also the building envelope, services and finishes. All these elements must be coordinated together by using components modular to ensure maximum repetition and standardization in the predetermined grid layout.
Engineering have started from B.C. where architecture have excelled in building with respect to earth people, which is still going on untill our days now. Till now we still have historical buildings which have witnessed all the different cultures and its architectural creations which have differed from one place to another also it have differed in the way they have build it and the way it looks, and this was because it was attached and inspired by the surrounding nature and what the people living there needed from protection and shelter. So what is architecture and its importance? The architect Raheef Fayad doesn't read a building as if it is an engineering building that have his own beauty but he reads a building as if it is a part of manifestations
. Variation orders can have both direct and indirect effect on cost. For direct effect’s example, time and material charges related to immediately affected task while for indirect effect is changing in cash flow due to effect on inflation and financial charges. Secondly, variation orders in the construction project also can results in rework and demolition of the structure of the building if it is occurred during construction. This effect is usually during construction phase while variations during the design phase do not require to demolition or rework on construction site. Thirdly, the impact of variation to the construction project is quality of project. Variations affect the quality of work adversely, it is because the contractors have to compensate for losses by cutting corners and so on. Next, variations usually hinder the project progress, leading to delay in achieving the targeted significant events during construction. Mostly, variations will give huge impact on the delay of completion of the construction project. Lastly, increase in project cost is also one of the impact of variation to the construction project. It is mean that when occurred any alteration or addition in the design phase during the execution of the project, it may result in demolition or rework of the project component and eventually increase the project
With the help of architectural engineers, our world has become very civilized and advanced over the past decades. Like all other engineers, architectural engineers use logic and creativity to solve problems. They come up with effective designs to assist people in their everyday tasks. In our daily lives we are surrounded by buildings. Places that were once a dessert are turned into cities that now hold amazing buildings. Houses, schools, shopping centers, offices, apartments, airports, etc. are very essential in our society. These buildings do not only please the eye, but they also provide us with shelter and are made to withstand hurricanes, earthquakes, snow storms, and strong winds. Would these buildings still function efficiently and provide us with a stable shelter if it were not for architectural engineers? There are different engineers with each their own expertise, but for buildings in particular, architectural engineers are needed. Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is an interdisciplinary program that integrates important knowledge from different disciplines such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering , architecture, physics, chemistry, biology, and economics (“Building Engineering”). An architectural engineering professional has to master all the different disciplines because the design of building systems often requires the application of the disciplines. Architectural engineers are important in today’s society because they possess the knowledge and qualifications to work on complex buildings, lead project teams, and most importantly, to provide us with a safe environment.
Every individual has the opportunity to decide their future career path. There are various fields to choose from, such as the medical field or the business field, and each requires different qualifications and interests. One of the career fields that people choose to indulge themselves in is engineering, of which there are many different types, such as petroleum, electrical, and aerospace engineering. Although the techniques and ideology of civil engineering have been around for centuries, it continues to grow and evolve over time due to innovative and advanced technology.