Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Implications of social learning theory
Nature of aggression
Implications of social learning theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Implications of social learning theory
Aggression is difficult to define, it is a complex phenomenon, and depending upon the context the term can be made to carry either positive or negative connotations, it can be attacking behavior that may be both self-protective and self-assertive or to the infliction of injury toward oneself or toward others, to the total destruction of others. Is aggression biologically determined or the product of learning and environmental influences?
This essay, will consider instinctive theory, the frustration - aggression hypothesis, and social learning theory. It should then be possible to draw a conclusion to see if any or all of the theories discussed are the cause of aggression. Brain disorders, hormonal and chemical imbalances, environmental factors, such as heat, noise, air pollution and overcrowding, although contribute to the causes of aggression will not be discussed during the course of this essay. No universally adopted definition of aggression exists, for the purpose of this discussion; the definition of Gross will be used. Gross defines aggression as: - "The intentional infliction of some form of harm on others" (Gross page 444) Freud proposed that aggression is an instinctive biological urge. According to Freud this instinct, is made up of the libido (pleasure) and "Thanatos" (the death wish) (pain). This basic instinct is present in the Id from birth, at first the aggression is relatively uncontrolled, but with the development of the Ego and superego it becomes channeled into socially acceptable behavior If these impulses are not released periodically in safe ways, they soon reach dangerous levels capable of producing acts of violence. Sometimes it is released in the form of physical or verbal abuse against another, (where the anger is displaced onto another). Sometimes the aggressive impulse is turned inward and produces self - punishment action, even suicide. The best that can be hoped for, according to Freud, is that aggressive impulses will be "channeled into socially acceptable forms." such as football, sport etc. (Bernstein et al page 715).
However, this theory does not explain why some people are aggressive and others are not, and if aggression is dissipated into sport, why is there football violence and violence at other sporting events? Lorenz, like Freud believed that aggressive energy builds up in the individual, and eventually has to be discharged in some way. Lorenz's states that aggression is the "fighting instinct" in man, and that man is naturally aggressive. This instinct developed during the course of evolution because it yielded many benefits, for example, fighting serves to disperse populations over a wide area, ensuring maximum use of resources.
But even with 2 hit songs, Gordy was far from a financial success. "As a writer, I had issues obtaining cash at the time that I needed it,” he explains. "I was broke even with hit records in certain cases." In one case, a...
All around the globe, people have attempted to find an organic, genetic basis for aggressive behavior. Several hormones and neurotransmitters, such as testosterone and seretonin, have been implicated in the "aggression quest", as well as specific localities of the human brain. My paper will serve to suggest that although many findings have shown impressive results regarding possible biological causes of violent behavior, we still do not have sufficient means to understand the neuroanatomical or biochemical basis of aggression.
The group ranged from ages nine to fourteen. They group was brought to Berry Gordy’s attention by Bobby Taylor of the Vancouver. Berry Gordy fell in love with Michael. He sang his songs with so much feeling and inspiration and pain. It was like he had gone through everything he was singing about. Right off top, they exploded onto the pop and R&B charts in the 1969 with “I Want You Back”. Diana Ross played a big part in the Jackson 5’s debut. She allowed them to be an opening act for herself and the Supremes concert in Los Angeles, California in 1969. A few day later the group was on their way to stardom. Four chart-topping releases followed over the next eleven month with songs “ABC”, “The Love You Save”, and “I'll Be There”. That made Jackson 5 only group to have its first four records reach number 1 on the charts. This group captured the hearts of young people and a lot of other people ranging from different ages with their talent and charm. It was the youngest Michael in the group that was the lead singer and who stood out the most to the people. Years later, Berry Gordy recalled the group as a determination to succeed in his autobiography. He wrote their hard work was unconditional, and they were willing to sweat to
Motown Celebrated a quarter century, the 1983 TV special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever featured most of Motown’s original superstars and hailed, as Gaye said during his performance, “Twenty-five years of climbing and building and opening doors and breaking old rules.” That same year, the film and soundtrack album The Big Chill connected with the generation that had grown up with the Motown Sound, boosting Motown’s catalog business to unprecedented levels. With continue success in 1972, Motown moved its headquarters to Los Angeles. This allowed for greater participation in the entertainment industry.
Several hormones such as dopamine and norepinephrine enhance aggressive behavior. A high level of testosterone is also a determining factor of increased aggressive behavior, which is why victims report that their assailant was male in more than 80 percent of all violent personal crimes (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Aggression is subdivided into two categories: affective and predatory aggression. Affective aggression usually involves high levels of physiological arousal within the individual and takes place when fighting for a mate or social status, such as when a gang uses violence to intimidate other rivals within their neighborhood. Predatory aggression involves low stimulation levels and is done in a methodical manner that involves stalking and meticulous planning. In a study conducted by Barratt, Stanford, Dowdy, Liebman, and Kent (1999), a group of 216 college students were asked to evaluate their own aggressive acts with a self-report survey. The resulting aggressive acts committed were divided into the two categories of impulsive and premeditated aggression. Impulsive aggression was frequently followed by feelings of remorse and confusion after that act was committed, unlike the latter which consisted of dominance and a purpose of social status gain (as cited in Miller, 2014). While some aggressive offenders may have a rational motive to commit a crime, Soutullo, McElroy, & Goldsmith (1998) argue that the act of serial killing consists of compulsions and irresistible impulses (as cited in Miller, 2014). That can be contributed to an impulse control disorder, which according to the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) and the DSM-5 (APA, 2013),
Motown Records was founded in 1959 by Berry Gordy who turned his music production company into history’s most successful black-owned record label company.
Which musical movement had the largest impact on music, culture, and business? Phil Spector's "Wall of Sound" or Berry Gordy's "Motown"? One may believe that Berry Gordy's "Motown" had the biggest impact on music, culture, and business.
Aggressive individuals often act in ways that will result in having personal gain, rather than focusing what impact they have on others. Aggression is pervasive. It affects the rich as well as the poor, the upper and lower classes, it defines us. This means that most sole individuals will behave in certain ways to promote their well being, instead of how they affect others. Michael Crichton uses characters in Jurassic Park to portray the negative physical, social and intellectual impact they can have on society. This is evident in everyday life because society has molded individuals into looking out for their well being with no considerations of the impact that it has on others.
On January 12, 1959, a young African-American songwriter, Berry Gordy, Jr., borrowed $800 from his family and founded a new record company. At that time America's music business was racially segregated. Major record companies released R&B music on special independent labels. However, Gordy recognized that the popularity of this type of music was increasing. He entered the field at an opportune
Motown, stands for more than just historic music. The label and it’s great legacy is a reflection that the hard work of dedicated individuals that have overcome incredible obstacles to achieve a great success. Detroit has only ever been known as the “Motor City”. Gordy felt like he was down home quality of the warm and he grew up with soulful people which gave him the idea to use the town in place of the city. This gave him the idea “Motown”, which was the perfect name for his new record label company. He was a man of vision, drive, talent, and determination. Gordy was also a producer, Innovative entrepreneur, and teacher as well. The great success of Motown records was and still able to contribute to all the talent he brought out in others.
Motown broke down racial prejudice by becoming the most successful independent record company in history and the most successful African-American owned business in America. In 1968, the company has 5 records out of the top 10 on Billboard’s hot 100 chart. In the late 80s and 90s all of Motown’s major artist were inducted into the Rock Hall of Fame. Upon his own induction in 1988, Motown’s founder was given the follow tribute: “ Gordy endeavored to reach across the racial divide with music that could touch all people, regardless of the color of their skin. Under this tutelage, Motown became a model of black capitalism, pride and self expression and a repository for some of the greatest talent ever assembled at one company...Motown’s stable of singers, songwriters, and musicians took the concept of simple, catchy pop songs to a intensity...After Motown, black popular music would never again be dismissed as a minority taste...Aesthetically no less than commercially, Motown’s achievements will likely remain unrivaled and
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
Freud believes that aggression is a primal instinct, and civilization thwarts this instinct, making man unhappy. Civilized society controls man's tendency toward aggression through rules and laws and the presence of authority. These mechanisms are put in place to guarantee safety and happiness for all individuals in a society. However, the necessity of suppressing the aggressive drive in m...
Seldom examinations have been conducted to appraise the risks for teens of these increasingly common surgeries. Research is especially needed for vexed procedures such as breast implants, liposuction, and genital plastic surgery. The hazards of breast alteration seems to duplicate with the cost of them, ($3,618 - $5,146). “Teenagers are often oblivious to the well-documented long-term health consequences of smoking, tanning, and other perilous behaviors, and are anticipated to pay even less attention to the risks of cosmetic surgery, making informed consent onerous. (Zuckerman, 13). Cosmetic surgery addicts imply to be familiar with a mental obsession to diversify their bodies and faces. “Cindy Jackson has altered her appearance through nine major operations. She says she felt “plain looking” and recognized how well beautiful people are treated. So, she devised a plan to change her appearance based on rules of physical proportion and beauty, and has been dubbed as the “Human Barbie.”” (OSU, 2). It is notorious for cosmetic surgery to become addictive, customarily this comes from indispensable insecurities and desires to be appeased with one’s self-concept or acceptance. People who unceasingly find faults to revise are usually
Advertisement for cosmetic surgery are everywhere from the front page on the magazine by the block to the television commercials. Surgery has been deeply impact to younger groups of kids. It has become at table discussion at dinner nowadays. A young girl got a nose job, rhinoplasty to make more symmetrical. She didn’t think she was ugly she just wanted her face to be proportional. The summer after school one of her friends got one. Girls at her praised her for her new nose. Everyone was so much impressed they booked an appointment for themselves. “ Magazine have pushed the envelope on what it means to be beautiful and surgery is a nowadays way to deal with body issues” Perloff para 12). Cosmetic surgery has become an epidemic (Fresh Faces para.22). There is nothing wrong getting a Botox, or breast augmentation but there are some dangerous procedures. Everyone has a heard at least one story of a cosmetic surgery fail. Recently Instagram has been flooded with the news of a girl, Sarah Tehar getting multiple of surgery to look like Angelina Jolie. Many can say it is an epic fail. She has went under the knife fifty times to like her idol , Angelina Jolie. Although gaining popularity on Instagram, she been nicknamed “zombie”. Cosmetic procedure are not a bad thing at all, the problem is use to boost self-esteem(Fresh