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Cause and effect of Thirty Years War
Psychological effects of war on soldiers
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Recommended: Cause and effect of Thirty Years War
Historians spend large sums of time discussing and analyzing the causes of any historically significant event or time. With its length and impact on the world, The Thirty Years War and the causes of the war are an important topic to analyze. The emotional and physical suffering that common-people experienced during The Thirty Years War did not come primarily from death, brought on from the conflict of many countries, but from quartered soldier's placing fear into the people through their actions, the soldier's treatment of women, and the aftermath from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia. The presence of fear is a strong motivator for many people. Fear, and torture, was used by many Catholic imperial troops to force the quartering …show more content…
Twice an hour they gave me the Swedish cocktail, filled with manure drippings....” (Bötzinger 69-70) This horrifying ordeal shows an all too common fate after the invasion of troops during The Thirty Years War. No one felt safe, and each day was filled with constant anxiety of being forced to live through what some may call a living hell. To add to this sense of terror, woman had more to fear from the barbaric soldiers who forced their way into homes. Rape and cruel acts did not only affect the woman but also their families and the community’s sense of security. Christoph Brandis tells a chilling tale of the humiliation of one family when their seventeen year old daughter is attacked by a quartered soldier. “The 7th of April [1636], a shameful deed was done. A [Protestant Hessian] soldier named Mathes was quartered in D.’s house.1… Mathes called down that somebody better bring him a pitcher of milk, or he would tear the whole place apart. D. sent his daughter to the neighbor's house to retrieve some milk. Her father told her to bring it up to the soldier. She hardly got upstairs
All of these hardships the soldiers faced caused an overwhelming sense of hopelessness and constant fear. To counter this sense of despair, the soldiers had many ways of coping with or avoiding the reality of the war. Tim O’Brien, with Going after Cacciato and In the Lake of the Woods, addresses th...
The Seven Years War was best known to those in American history as the French and Indian war. In reality, the war was much larger in scope and devastation in relation to the simple name given to it. Lasting from 1756-1763, the Seven Years War involved much of the imperial powers of that time: Prussia, England, and Portugal on one side with France, Spain, and Austria on the other. Spurred by competition for land and territory, the war implicated the two world powers, Britain and France, in a fateful battle for dominance. The period also saw the rise of important figures such as George Washington and Benedict Arnold that would later be instrumental in the American Revolution. Yet the significance of this war was that it set up the stage for events like the French and American Revolutions, and rearranged a new world order of imperialism.
The word "privateer" conjures a romantic image in the minds of most Americans. Tales of battle and bounty pervade the folklore of privateering, which has become a cherished, if often overlooked part of our shared heritage. Legends were forged during the battle for American independence, and these men were understandably glorified as part of the formation of our national identity. The fact of the matter is that the vast majority of these men were common opportunists, if noteworthy naval warriors. The profit motive was the driving force behind almost all of their expeditions, and a successful privateer could easily become quite wealthy. In times of peace, these men would be common pirates, pariahs of the maritime community. Commissioned in times of war, they were respected entrepreneurs, serving their purses and their country, if only incidentally the latter. However vulgar their motivation, the system of privateering arose because it provided a valuable service to thecountry, and indeed the American Revolution might not have been won without their involvement. Many scholars agree that all war begins for economic reasons, and the privateers of the war for independence contributed by attacking the commercial livelihood of Great Britain's merchants.
The year is 1942. Nearly the entire Eastern Hemisphere is fighting the worst war in history: World War II. However, something far more atrocious is happening behind the battle lines. Millions of Jews are being captured, tortured, and slaughtered in concentration camps throughout Germany. During what will later become known as the Holocaust, nearly eleven million people will be murdered in the hands of the Nazis (Blumberg). Many of those who survived this atrocity experienced symptoms of PTSD and other mental disorders resulting from the Holocaust. In Cynthia Ozick’s short story, “The Shawl,” she tells a story of a mother and daughter who were placed in a concentration camp. Rosa, the mother, described the memory of their time in the concentration camp. The memory, however, seems to be distorted. Through the details, symbolism, conflict of the story, it is clear that Rosa is suffering from PTSD.
War deprives soldiers of so much that there is nothing more to take. No longer afraid, they give up inside, waiting for the peace that will come with death. War not only takes adolescence, but plasters life with images of death and destruction. Seeger and Remarque demonstrate the theme of a lost generation of men in war through diction, repetition, and personification to relate to their readers that though inevitable and unpredictable, death is not something to be feared, but to calmly be accepted and perhaps anticipated. The men who fight in wars are cast out from society, due to a misunderstanding of the impact of such a dark experience in the formative years of a man’s life, thus being known as the lost generation.
World War II was a very unfair time for a lot of people, including innocent civilians and soldiers fighting in battles. The Battle of Stalingrad made a large impact on WWII during the mid-1940’s. During this battle, many soldiers were treated unjustly and unfairly. This paper will focus on the hardships and rough living conditions soldiers had to face during the Battle of Stalingrad. One way that oppression was caused during this battle was though the soldier’s environment and situation of living. The next way is how many innocent civilians were treated in the midst of the battle. The last way was the war in general causing oppression. All of these reasons caused oppression in their own ways and made the battle horrifying
Ode, Kim. "Sexual Trauma: Women Vets' Secret War." ProQuest, 18 Dec. 2010. Web. 20 Mar. 2012.
The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars fought in the Holy Roman empire, involving most of the countries within, the war lasted 30 years. This war massively affected europe and created a cultural divide between catholics and protestants. Philip III of Spain attempted to continue the foreign policy views of his father, Philip II, which basically meant that Spain had to be kept ready for war. Thus in 1618, when Ferdinand II, heir apparent to the throne of Bohemia, began to slash certain religious privileges enjoyed by his subjects there, they immediately appealed for aid to the Protestants in the rest of the empire and to the leading foreign Protestant states: Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Denmark (Trueman). Even though the war between the German Catholics and German Protestants were all in the Holy Roman Empire were both Christian it slowly spread was more of a fight over the balance of power.
"Plutot mourir que faillir"("Rather dying than failing")and “UBIQUE! QUO FAS ET GLORIA DUCUNT" “Everywhere! Where Right and Glory Lead.” The Seven Years war, or the French and Indian war to Americans, was arguably the first true world. The Seven years war was a worldwide war fought in Europe, North America, and India between. It was France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and (after 1762) Spain on the one side and Prussia, Great Britain, and Hanover on the other (the Americans where there only for the North American theater).This conflict was the result of the ongoing hostilities and the struggle of supremacy between France and Great Britain. In 1754, in North America, George Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity in western Pennsylvania. From that moment on, both France and Great Britain dispatched troops, although not in equal numbers. For France, the war in Europe was the top priority, so the country sent just a few troops. It also considered it was more important to protect its colonies in the West Indies, since sugar cane was more lucrative than the fur trade in New France (Canada). Great Britain on the other hand was determined to destroy France's colonial empire, and it sent more than 20,000 soldiers to America. It must also be noted that American colonists were unable to defend themselves against their Canadian counterparts, who, with the help the Native Americans excelled in the art of the guerilla warfare. For New England, it was imperative to obliterate New France and its Native allies, which were preventing the States from acquiring and occupying new land (New England had a very large population and sought new land to occupy and farm.) France waste no time in the war and attacked the British held island of Minorca. This island ended up in the hands of the French. Although France did well in the war until 1757, the tide proceeded to turn, in favor of the British troops, after William Pitt became Sec. of state for war. The British won several victories right including the battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759, when James Wolfe defeated the army of Montcalm. Things were far from over, however, because the final result depended on whether France was victorious or defeated. In the end, France was defeated on all fronts (West Indies, the subcontinent of India, Europe and America). The Treaty of Paris, signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain on February 10, 1763, ended the Seven Years' War and its American counterpart, the French and Indian War (1754-1763).
The Holocaust continues to exist as a black mark in the history of Germany; through the government supported torture and extermination of both men and women, more than 6 million lost their lives. As a consequence of the collective tragedy for both sexes, there has been much debate pertaining to the focus of gender specific suffering in Holocaust literature; for this reason, the Holocaust accounts of women writers were largely ignored prior to the 1970’s. Many historians still refute disparities existed between the male and female experience. However, it is worth noting that the social, familial, and cultural expectations of men and women, both prior to and during the war, varied greatly. Moreover, these diverging roles promoted distinctively different coping, processing, and accounting of the tragedies stemming from the Holocaust. By examining the unique experiences of women, both within and outside the concentration camps, one can logically conclude these remarkable accounts broaden the scope of Holocaust literature. Embedded gender roles helped the survival efforts of women, and these unique female perspectives are valuable in accurately portraying the Holocaust experience.
Many years later Isabella, the wife of King Edward II of England, plotted to kill
The Thirty Years’ War was the last major religious war in Europe. The war started in 1618 and lasted until 1648. This made it rather convenient for Historians and they decided to call the war “The Thirty Years’ War”. The war is often forgotten, and I dare say that the majority of the American population doesn’t even know that the Thirty Years’ War is a thing. I wanted to expand my knowledge and learn about this great and mystical thing historians call the “Thirty Years’ War”. So, What was the Thirty Years’ Wars and what effects did the war have on Europe?
The History of Afghanistan has been of political instability, war, infrastructure devastation, and limiting political regimes, says Azam Kazemiyan in his book. The streets were littered with glass, bodies and crumpled chunks of metal. The author describes the war-torn conditions of Afghanistan when he says,“There was looting, murder, and, increasingly, rape, which was used to intimidate civilians and reward militiamen. Mariam heard of women who were killing themselves out of fear of being raped, and of men who in the name of honor, would kill their wives or daughters if they’d been raped by the militia,” (Hosseini, 247). This illustrates how women had no control over their own lives. Instead of getting justice for being raped, the fathers and husbands killed them. The militiamen misused their power to rape women and exercised their dominance over women.
The war was worsened by the wealthy minerals in the ground and the influence of the mineral was strengthened by the fear and displacement the war caused. The intertwining of these two destructive forces is seen in the story Salima is told by a man who bought her. In this he tells of a man who stuffed”...the coltan into his mouth to keep the soldiers from stealing his hard work, and they split his belly open with a machete”(31). Not only does this story show the harsh conditions the men are exposed to in war, but also it further demonstrates the hold coltan has on the minds of those who live in the Congo. The want for coltan leads to the destruction of the community and individual identities of those involved as it perpetuates a cycle of war that damages men, induces violence against women, and ultimately creates a cycle of lost identity.
During the Thirty Years War, men and women had to experience trials and tribulations. Solders and officials, putting fear into the eyes of the countrymen, were testing all their patience, tolerance, and rights. The soldiers thought they could do anything they wanted because they abuse their powers. Citizens were often tortured by water boarding, daggers and hung if they did not satisfy the needs and wants of the officials. Martin Botzinger briefly describes his experience saying, “they beat me to the ground with daggers… both my feet were bound together, and the other took the rope round my left arm, and they shoved me in water.” Scenes like this caused so ...