The book of James is a collection of ancient letters for the Jewish Christian audience. The letter contains scriptures that encourage readers to “be doers of the word, and not hearers only;1:22” (Sumney, 2014, 350). The book of James elucidates Jesus’ regard of how his followers should conduct their life. Actual authorship and date leaves a lot of room for interpretation and many scholars have different view-points. James remains an obscure person throughout the bible, his name matching with several apostles and the blood or half-brother of Jesus. There’s lack of mentioning of Jesus Christ in the letter and the superior level of Greek seems too advanced for James to produce. The author of James appears to be well-versed in Hellenistic philosophies which was 323-31 B.C. However, there are some linguistic similarities in Acts 15 and James does seem to have …show more content…
The book of James remains pseudonymous to some scholars. Could the author be James the Just or James of the Early Church? The beginning of the letter states the author as “James a slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ” (Batten, 2009). There is little to no information about the author besides claiming himself as a teacher and he does not claim himself as an apostle, which could be a potential James of authorship. James the Just is known as James of the early church which could mean “slave” as quoted above. We also find a similar quote in 1 Jude, “Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James” (Batten, 2009). Paul also refers to James as the brother of Christ, however Jude and Paul do not specify if this is Jesus’ half-brother or an apostle brother. James was also known to teach Jewish Christianity which makes no sense because first-century Judaism and first-century Christianity were very different and didn’t form together as a whole (Batten,
Unknown, to James at this point he did not realize that he was having a problem with a psychological theory called behaviorism. Now this theory is one that is saying human behavior is developed through learning experiences which in this case would apply to James. His behavior as an adult was reflected by the way he was treated as a kid by his father and mother because they fought all the time. They never truly paid any attention to him, which in terms taught him how to stay out of their way and learn how to steal and burglarize places without getting caught. Therefore, within the psychological theory of behaviorism Behaviorists saw crime as something that is a learned response to life’s situations such as James situation which led him to a life of crime because of his parents. Although, he was never truly mistreated, he did not receive his father attention due to the fact of the way his father was treated as a child growing up an abusive household. Therefore, he did not want to place his son in the same situation. There is also the fact that James could be suffering from the psychodynamic theory which says that a person’s personality can be controlled by their unconscious mental process and that is grounded in them in early childhood. These entire things such as the id, ego, and superego
The Gospel of John, the last of the four gospels in the Bible, is a radical departure from the simple style of the synoptic gospels. It is the only one that does not use parables as a way of showing how Jesus taught, and is the only account of several events, including the raising of Lazarus and Jesus turning water into wine. While essentially the gospel is written anonymously, many scholars believe that it was written by the apostle John sometime between the years 85 and 95 CE in Ephesus. The basic story is that of a testimonial of one of the Apostles and his version of Jesus' ministry. It begins by telling of the divine origins of the birth of Jesus, then goes on to prove that He is the Son of God because of the miracles he performs and finally describes Jesus' death and resurrection.
In the book “The Art of Biblical Narrative” by Robert Alter, there is one chapter (Chapter 3) titled “Biblical Type-Scenes and the Uses of Convention” (Alter 47). Alter describes several different stories (but similar in some ways) in the Old Testament that can be difficult to interpret in today’s culture. Alter describes how reading any book (more specifically the Bible), requires use of conventions, which he describes as “… an elaborate set of tacit agreements between artist and audience about the ordering of the art work is at all times the enabling context in which the complex communication of art occurs” (Alter 47). In other words, an agreement of how the writing is done; it can be pretty complex as well. He states that there are stories in the Bible that have the same stories of narrative, but there are different characters, they often are told several times in the Bible. Alter uses several of examples, like how patriarch is driven by famine; or where someone is found and is invited to eat with them, or a betrothal (engagement) near a well/body
James II of England was the first king to succeed to the kingdoms of both England and Scotland and to be crowned King of both. He was also known as the Duke of York, the Duke of Albany, and the honorary Duke of Normandy; a title that was never to be held again by an English monarch. He was called Lord High Admiral as he commanded the English navy in the Anglo- Dutch war, which resulted in a new English city renamed for him (New York). He became King of England on February 6, 1685 and remained so until he fled to France, escaping the hatred of his countrymen and the threats of his son-in-law on December 11, 1688. He was crowned King of Scotland 11 weeks after his coronation in England on April 23, 1685 and continued ruling over Ireland, even after his deposition, until July 1, 1690 when he was defeated by William of Orange at the Battle of the Boyne. Despite his numerous titles and seemingly unlimited influence, his views concerning God, his unpleasant personality, and his outdated views on government would lead to the reconstruction of the English government and a removal of a second monarch, less than 100 years after the removal of Charles I. It’s an impressive resume for a not so impressive man.
no doubt that it was written to please King James 1, who at the time
For centuries it has been debated whether Paul and James contradict each other’s theology. At times, they do seem to make opposing statements. The Book of Galatians affirms over and over that we are justified by faith in Christ alone, not by works of our own. Most evangelical Christians agree to that concept of sola fide. We are faced with an interesting dilemma when James famously says, “faith without works is dead.” Martin Luther, himself, felt that the Book of James should be removed from the canon of scripture because of such statements. When one looks at the context of these verses, we realize that the theology of both books complement rather than contradict each other. Although they both deal with the relationship between faith and
English Catholicism had significantly changed by the time of James’s accession to the throne. Under Henry VIII, England broke away from the Catholic Church in Rome. The King was now the head of the Church of England. By the time Elizabeth came into power a substantial number of the population were still Catholic. Principled dissent to the Elizabethan Settlement came from two directions: Catholic and radical Protestant. Of the two the Roman Catholic menace seemed the more important and the government and the Church spent more time combating it. In this essay I will examine whether efforts to destroy English Catholicism during the Elizabethan era were successful. Traditionally, historians argued that Catholicism was hopelessly fractured but heroic efforts by Catholic missionaries had saved the Catholic English community. The Act of Uniformity in 1558 meant that everybody had to go to Church once a week or be fined. This included the Catholic community. Many conformed to avoid punishment but still believed in the Catholic doctrines. Ordinary clergy helped maintain the Catholic doctrines in English society. By the time of James’s accession to the throne it was clear that the Catholic community were an important issue because a part of English society was still Catholic. Furthermore, it was soon clear that King James would be more tolerant to the Catholic community in comparison to Elizabeth.
King James I was crowned and went on a journey to create a new English translation” (“Roots Of The King James Bible”). “The ground rules for the Bible were set by 1604: such as no contentious notes in the margins; no language inaccessible to common people; a true and accurate text, driven by an unforgivingly exacting level of scholarship” (“The Bible of King James.(cover story)”). “When creating the King James Bible, the translators had fifteen rules which they had to follow” (“The Making of the King James Bible--New Testament”). “The first rule the scholars’ were to follow was that they had to follow along with the Bishops’ Bible” (“The Making of the King James Bible--New Testament”). The only thing about the scholars’ following along with the Bishops’ Bible was that there were so many different versions that no one knows which was used. “The first publication of the King James Bible was riddled with mistakes and received some negative criticism” (“The King James Bible: A Short History From Tyndale/ Shaping The Bible In The Reformation”). “The phrases were not always called majestic, but they were indeed frowned upon by many of an 18th century writer” (“The King James Bible At 401”). Even though the bible received many negative comments from people after the Bible was first made it has turned out to have a great impact on many writers and
As the first chapter in this long analytical book, chapter one serves as the foundation for the rest of the novel, with a basic premise that “history textbooks make fool out of the students.” It shows how portrayal of historical figures and events in the best light for the reputation of United States leads to biased and distorted historical education.
The author of the letter of Jude was Jude the brother of James. James was the brother of Jesus, thus making Jude Jesus’ brother also (Judas, Matthew 13:55). Some people think that Jude was also one of the twelve apostles, and that sometimes he went by the name Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus (Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18), but in other references to the twelve apostles (Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13) Jude is referred to as, “Judas the son of James.” Both Peter and Jude would have had a close relationship with Jesus, and since they could both possibly be one of the twelve apostles, one could assume that they were receiving very similar or even the same teaching, this would help in contrib...
The movie The Gospel of John (Seville, 2005) is a visual representation of the accounts of Jesus Christ life on earth. The big picture is that of God’s plan for a personal relationship with us. When God created humans, he put them into relationships, first with him and then with each other. The strength of the movie is how Jesus core values of truth, love and compassion are portrayed through his relationship with his disciples. Jesus fostered the relationships with his disciples, showing love through his teachings and interactions with societal outcast. He displayed his value system through the use of parables and commandments, and performing miracles.
The Gospel According to St. John was written during the first century AD in Asian Minor. The author of the book cannot be definitively proven according to the Zinderfan Pictorial Bible Dictionary but there is strong evidence that the author was John the apostle. The author had an intimate knowledge of Jewish traditions and the geography of Palestine. The gospel goes into many explanations of these things because its intended audience was gentiles. It is unlikely a gentile would have had the knowledge to give the background information that the author presents. The writer of the gospel identifies himself as the "disciple who Jesus loved." In the gospel most of the disciples were mentioned by name and so can be eliminated as the author of the gospel. Those not mentioned included Mathew, James the less, Simon the Zealot, James, and John.
The book of Jude is an epistle or letter to Jewish Christians in the early church written in order to warn them about false teachers that will come before them. Its literary genre is referred to as an epistle or letter as I have described. Biblical scholars believe that it was written by Jude, who was a half-brother of Jesus. The book of Jude was most likely written sometime between 60 AD and 140 AD. (Wallace, 2004) This book of the bible is rather short in length but it is able to get across two key themes such as apostasy, and false teachers. (Jude 1:3-16, Jude 1: 17-25) By analyzing the key themes in the Book of Jude is not difficult to figure out what the purpose was behind Jude’s writing. There were two purposes of this book, the first one was to encourage the members of this early church to stay grounded in their faith following the deaths of Paul and Peter. (Jude 1: 24-25) The second purpose was to warn them that false teachers had infiltrated the church just as Peter and Paul said they would. (Jude 1:3, Jude 1: 17) (Wallace, 2004)
William James’s, “Lecture XX, Conclusions” wants us to understand that the nature of the universe is perfect because it’s what creates everything. He addresses that the universe is what creates everything like the sun, which lets people see and gives light to everything in that the universe contains. In James’s “Lecture XX, Conclusions,” he mentions that the universe created the sun, which “contributes to the primary purpose of creation: without it the race of man could not be preserved or continued.” From this I understood that the universe is perfect because it creates everything that we need to survive. Without the creations of the universe, human beings could not be able to exist. The universe is perfect since it is able to give humans,
How do we see the Bible? Do we see it merely as a historical narrative of what happened in the ancient past? Do we see it merely as devotional inspiration for a moment? Do we see its pages as the world’s greatest literary volume? Do we see the Bible as a secret disclosure of coming events and the consummation of the age? Do we see it as a tool to win arguments from a theological stand point? Or do we see it as fragments of truth that will confirm and strengthen our prejudices?