Movement Skills: Tennis Serve
1a. The tennis serve is broken up into eight specific phases, these include : the starting stance/ preparation, ball toss and backswing, the knee bend, trophy position, racquet drop, leg push, swing and pronate and finally the follow through. o Starting Stance /Preparation
This is the physiological stage for tennis players. It is where the athlete determines location and type of serve and takes into consideration the positioning of the opponent and former knowledge of the opponent. This begins with a continental grip which held right through until the final follow through. Muscular activation in the scapula region is very low at this stage due to low demand. The goal of the start is to align the body to utilize the ground for force/power generation throughout the service motion. The tennis ball is held at the throat of the racket and the left/right foot is turned to a 45 degree angle facing toward the net post. Essentially, the eyes should be focused on the service box in preparation for service. It is essential for the athlete to be clam and strategic as frustration and anxiety during this stage can lead to a decreased performance, the serve has to be relaxed and smooth. o Ball Toss and Backswing
The ball toss phase is the most important part of the whole tennis motion. This phase happens instantaneously when the ball is released from the hand. During this movement there is very little muscle activation in the erector spinae especially during the start and release phases although the movement increases steadily throughout this slightly lateral to the overhead position, enabling ball contact at 100 degrees of arm abduction. If the ball toss is too close to the head can increase arm abduction.
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CENTRE OF GRAVITY
The centre of gravity is vital to performance in the tennis serve, the centre of gravity is also known to affect balance and momentum which are also very important therefore the players centre of gravity should be as even as possible to ensure maximum opportunity. In the backswing phase of the serve it is noticeable that the centre of gravity shifts backwards which allows the racquet arm to extend from further behind the back. Throughout the different phases of the serve the COG changes because of the segments of the body can move their masses with joint rotations. Keeping within our centre of gravity and ensuring we are balanced greatly increases the outcomes of the game, with balance and solid serves injury is unlikely to occur from losing balance and damaging muscles.
BASE OF SUPPORT
The base of support
APPLYING FORCES
ABSORBING FORCES
For years it was thought that the golf swing was a solid piece of movement without any differentiating variables. Vast expansion in technology over the last 20 years has produced more information on the biomechanics of the golf swing. “ Golf Biomechanics applies the principles and technique of golf mechanics to the structure and function of the golfer in an effort to improve the golf technique and performance” (Hume P., Keogh J., and Reid D. 2005) Biomechanics, “The scientific discipline that applies mechanical principles and to understanding movement.” (Hume P., Keogh J., and Reid D. 2005) allows scientists to observe a golfer’s swing to near milliseconds to the point of impact. This is much more precise to previous measurements used such as video recordings, outlines, etc. Understanding how the swing works by breaking down the movements within the swing through visual aids emphasize the opportunity for a better swing and in turn, better golf. Studies of biomechanics within the golf swing have shown the sequential separation from torso to pelvis, disproving the original theory of a solid swing with continuous motion known as the X-factor. Before understanding how the biomechanics of the golf swing works with the X-factor, the basics of the swing must be established.
Years of playing the game and not improving, Gawande incidentally finds himself play tennis with a young man who is a tennis couch. The young man gives Gawande a tip about keeping his feet under his body when hitting the ball. At first he is uncertain, stating, “My serve had always been the best part of my game….. With a few minutes of tinkering, he’d added at least ten miles an hour to my serve. I was serving harder than I ever had in my life” (Gawande, 2011, p.3).
Broer was the first to call attention to the similarity of movement patterns used in seemingly dissimilar activities such as the baseball pitch, the badminton clear, and the tennis serve. Objective evidence of such similarities between throwing and striking activities within each of the three major upper-extremity patterns; overarm, sidearm and underarm. The representative activities from these categories across throwing patterns also showed great similarity in the muscular action of the lower extremity. Atwater distinguished between the overarm and sidearm throwing patterns in terms of the direction in which the trunk laterally flexed. When lateral flexion occurred away from the throwing arm, and overarm pattern was used; lateral flexion toward the throwing arm indicated a sidearm pattern. The underarm patter is distinguished by motion predominantly in a sagittal plane with the hand below the waist. Each pattern involves a preparatory movement referred to as a backswing, or windup, followed by the establishment of a base of support prior to the initiation of the force phase and ending in the follow-through. The base of support in the direction of the force application; forward and backward is a distinguishing feature of skill level. It has been well documented that more highly skilled individuals have longer strides. Once the base has been established, the more proximal segments begin the force application phase while the more distal segments complete the backswing.
The innovations in the material of the tennis racquet — the strings and the frame — have changed tennis throughout the years; thus, fundamentally changing the game by allowing players to hit with more power, spin, and racquet speed. Many star professional tennis players in the past and present use new technology to help take their game to new levels. The change from a wooden racquet to a carbon-fiber tennis racquet and the change from cow gut strings to non-gut synthetic strings have changed the way tennis is played.
Racquetball is a competitive game in which a strung racquet is used to serve and return the ball.
This can be explained by Bernoulli's Principle. Bernoulli, a 1700's physicist and mathematician, showed that the speed of an object through liquid/air changes the pressure of the air. The velocity of a spinning ball relative to the air is different from one side to the other, creating a low pressure on one side and a high pressure on the other. This causes the ball to move in the direction of the lower pressure. The golf ball is typically hit with an undercut, causing a reverse rotation and therefore a lifting action on the ball.
As we all know, America is a nation of sports enthusiasts. Most Americans participate is some kind of sporting event, either as a spectator or as a competitor. In the pantheon of great American sports, there is one that stands out. It has been called the great American pastime. Yes, that great sport known as tennis. Tennis requires a mastery of many skills to be able to play competitively, but the primary skill needed to win in tennis is the serve. The serve is the primary offensive weapon used I tennis, because it is the only time when a player gets to put a ball into play. The player controls the speed, the placement, and the spin of the ball. With proper procedure, the serve can win many points and games for the server. The technique I will demonstrate is used by most professional ten...
Investigating How the Height From Which a Table Tennis Ball is Dropped Affects Its Bounce. When a table tennis ball is dropped onto a surface, it bounces. The height of the bounce depends upon a number of factors: the pressure of the air in the ball, the height from which it is dropped, its. material, mass and temperature; the type of floor surface, its temperature and its angle and the acceleration due to gravity. temperature and the air resistance of the air that the ball will pass.
Karch Kiraly, an American volleyball player with two gold medals, once said, “No volleyball game can begin without a serve, and the serve is the only technique that is completely under your control.” The serve is what starts every play and is used to attack the other team’s offense. With the rally scoring used in volleyball today, there is no room for service errors. With plenty of practice and these eight simple steps, you will be serving like a pro in no time. Previous volleyball experience is recommended to successfully complete these steps.
The way Morgan incorporated tennis into his game is by using a similar net; however, he raised the height to six feet and six inches off the ground. He also created this game for his fellow businessman Blain. When Morgan invented his game he came up with a set of rules, however many of his rules have been changed or there are new ones. One of the rules to this game is that before the game starts, there is a coin toss. This coin toss determines which team gets to decide who gets the serve first.
Serving starts each point play. The players stand on opposite ends of each other, and the person serving is called the Server and the other the Receiver. Serving must be done from behind the baseline. When serving, toss the ball in the air and hit it before it touches the ground. There is a service court that the ball must land in first only when serving. It is a square opposite end of service area. The Server becomes the Receiver, and the Receiver becomes the Server after each game. After a good service ball, the ball is in play. Play does not stop until one of the players hits the ball out of bounds, into the net, or fail to hit the ball before it bounces twice. Serving just takes practice and can be a main asset in tennis.
Hearing the loud “thump” as the ball hits the racket is extremely satisfying, especially if your life now revolves around this fast-paced and exhilarating sport. Tennis is an outdoor game played by two individuals or pairs of players on a clay or grass court that’s divided by a low net. Each game is played with tennis rackets and small, yellow elastic balls. Tennis was first introduced in Wales and the United Kingdom in 1873 by “Major Walter Wingfield” (tennistheme.com). While most sports are easy to pick up, tennis takes extreme dedication to learn how to play the game, to perfect the amount of technique it takes, as well as its great impact on one’s personal life.
Tennis is played by many professionals all around the world. For professionals, such as Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Roger Federer, and many others, there are four grand
My love for tennis blossomed at the young age of eleven. During middle school my peers knew me as the boy who was remarkably talented at tennis and I savored that title. Butterflies floated throughout my youthful body whenever someone complimented me. As the years passed, my dad nurtured me into a top player. Before I knew it high school arrived and it was time to compete at a higher level. My excitement was out of this world, but I knew my dad could no longer push me forward and my future was up to me. However, the ego I developed over the years blocked what lie in front of me. I wasn’t looking at the bigger picture; the hard work demanded of me, teamwork, and the motivation to reach an ultimate goal. Throughout my four years of participating
...spinning the ball. Therefore, the serve that has the minimum time in air is struck when the volleyball is hit with topspin towards the end line. In addition, if the server likes to serve cross-court, even though this does not affect the overall time, it can be utilized to serve the ball harder and perhaps catch off-guard the opponent players, resulting to a pass.