Systematic Leadership Theory

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Recommended: Describe the qualities/traits of a leader as per the trait leadership theory

INTRODUCTION
Systematic research on leadership began in the early 1930s (House & Aditya, 1997). Researchers were interested in identifying leadership traits that might differentiate leaders from non-leaders. Despite of devoting so much effort to this area, only a few leader traits were found to be positively related to leadership effectiveness such as intelligence and Self-confidence.(Mann, 1959).After this leadership researchers turned their attention to leaders’ behavior. Two types of leadership behavior were identified in different studies (1) Initiating structure that includes task related behaviors such as organizing work, defining role responsibilities, and setting up work activities. (2) Consideration includes relationship oriented behaviors such as building trust, respect, and liking between leaders and followers. The University of Michigan group also identified two types of leadership behaviours. (1)Production orientation means that how much leader is concerned with achieving organizational goals and tasks and (2) employee orientation means that how much followers’ needs are important to leader (House & Aditya, 1997). (Song Heyi and Mao Na Guo Dan, 2007) inspect the relationship between the traits and the performance of the leader in different organizational cultures and found that in today’s dynamic world the negative traits are directly related to the performance, leaders play significant role in every organization. As the competition between the service oriented organizations is very high and continuous change is needed here and growth of these organizations where the only possibility to survive successfully is due to the effective and productive leadership. Leadership is process of social interaction where leaders try...

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... (Rubin, Munz, & Bommer, 2005).
Knowledge
Sage (2005) said that leader is man of knowledge and wisdom and when other sees confusion he sees opportunity, patterns and direction. Being familiar of the present, past and future he designs plan and execute those plans. He can understand the difficult situation and find the best path and way in unclear situations, and encourages new ideas, creativity and innovative thinking.
Relationships
Gaddis et al. (2004) showed that while giving negative performance feedback, if leaders displayed positive emotions (happiness, optimism) then the perception of group members’ of leadership effectiveness and group performance were higher than when leaders showed negative emotions (anger, pessimism).George (1995) showed that positive mood of leader was positively related to team performance. George proposes several theoretical mechanisms

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