Cartilaginous joints connect bones and are slightly separated by an intervening cartilage. No joint cavity exists and, similar to fibrous joints, little or no motion is possible. Familiar examples include the joints formed by the cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone) and inter-vertebral disks that separate the bodies of vertebrae that comprise the spinal column (Fig on the side).
Synovial Joints Vast majority of the joints in the human body fall in this category.These joints have a space, or joint cavity, between the bones forming the joint.This allows for greater amount of movement to occur at that joint. The capacity for movement of synovial joints is limited by the shapes of the bones of the joint and the soft
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In order for a joint to move in a given anatomical plane, there must typically be an axis of rotation. An axis of rotation is an imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of movement about which a joint rotates. Due to their configuration, many joints have several axes of rotation, enabling bones to move in the various planes or directions.
Joints with one axis of rotation can only move in one plane and are known as uniplanar joints. These uniplanar joints are also known as hinges joints, in that hinges typically work only in one plane. The ankle (talocrural) and the elbow (ulnohumeral) joints are examples of uniplanar joints (Fig given below).
Some joints have two axes of rotation, permitting motion in two planes that are at right angles to one another. These biplanar joints include a category of synovial joints known as condyloid joints, formed by the rounded, widened ends (condyles) of the two articulating bones. Condyloid joints allow full motion in one plane and have limited range of motion in a second plane. The knee (tibiofemoral), the joints of the hand and fingers (metacarpal-phalangeal), and the joints of the foot and the toes (metatarsal-phalangeal joints) are all examples of condyloid joints (Fig given
In the frontal plane, the movement shows the depression of scapula. The joint involved in this part of the pirouette is the scapulothoracic joint. This motion can be analyzed in the frontal plane or the sagittal due to the movements of the shoulders with the trunk (Hall, 2011). In the transverse plane it is the external rotation of the hip that helps form a pirouette. The muscles used to perform the rotation are the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (Hall, 2011). These muscles are used to help the leg move to the correct position for a pirouette.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease or syndrome (OSD) is an irritation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (Dhar). Osgood-Schlatter Disease is claimed by some to not actually be a disease (Sims). But is rather a collection of symptoms that involves the tibial tubercle epiphysis (Sims). Osgood-Schlatter Disease affects as many as 1 in 5 adolescent athletes (Diseases and Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease). Some other common names for this disease are Osteochondrosis, Tibial Aponphysitis, Tibial Tubercle Apophyseal Traction Injury, Morbus Osgood- Schlatter, and Rugby Knee (Dhar). “This can cause multiple sub-acute avulsion fractures along with inflammation of the tendon, leading to excess bone growth in the tuberosity and producing a visible lump which can be very painful when hit (Dhar). Activities such as kneeling may irritate the tendon further (Dhar).”
Joints which include rotation is the shoulder joint and the hip joint, this allows us to move the bones connecting to that joint in a wide range of directions. This type of rotation can also be broken down into two types of rotation: medial and lateral (internal and external). Ball and socket, condyloid and plane joints allow this type of movement. Internal rotation of the arm is when the arm is flexed but it moves towards the centre (midline) of the body. However external rotation of the arm is when the arm is flexed, but it moves away from the midline of the
“The doctor of the future will give no medication, but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame, diet and in the cause and prevention of disease” by Thomas A. Edison. Chiropractors use hands-on spinal manipulation and other alternative treatments on the spine which will enable the body to heal itself without surgery or medication. Chiropractic care began in 1895 when its founder, Daniel David Palmer, claimed any and all diseases could be healed by nothing more than just his hands. Dr. Palmer examined a janitor who was deaf for 17 years after the janitor felt his back was out of place, so Dr. Palmer gave an adjustment to what was felt to be a misplaced vertebra in the upper back. The janitor then observed that his hearing improved thanks to Dr. Palmer. Chiropractors use manipulation to restore mobility to joints restricted by tissue injury caused by sitting without proper back support. Chiropractic is primarily used as a pain relief alternative for muscles, joints, bones, and connective tissue, such as cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. About 22 million Americans visit chiropractors annually
The system of the body that consists of bones, connective tissues, and cartilage is known as the skeletal system. Some major functions of this system are as follows:
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the hands, spine and the ankles and hips. It is known to be associated with aging, and is concerned with the cartilage that protects the joints (the meeting place of two bones). Normal cartilage allows for bones to slide over each other uniformly, acting as a shock absorber to any damage. However cartilage in osteoarthritis, located at the ends of the bones erodes and deteriorates, causing friction and hence pain, swelling and restricted movement. Therefore in osteoarthritic both the composition and appearance of the cartilage alters, while the body attempts to repair this damaged cartilage is broken down faster than it can be built up. A defective repair process can cause bone overgrowth, bone spur/osteocytes to form which can be seen at the ends of the joints. In osteoarthritis the bones come in close contact with each other, and wear away leaving the bone exposed and unprotected.
Osteoarthritis can be known as or sometimes called degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that affects not only the old and sick, although 55 and older are most common to be affected, people of all ages may receive osteoarthritis (OA). Approximately 27 million Americans are sharing the same common chronic conditions of the joints.
Every part of our body is a science. I never imagined the hidden science in the movements of the body. The science of kinesiology is the science of body movements. I grew up watching my grandma and the changes in her body as both of us got older, I could walk and balance properly while she lost it. I always felt bad when she was not able to get up and walk properly and as caring grandson I always gave her my hand. It was a great feeling for me to take care of her in her last days. Her difficulty in moving always pointed me to do something for her and I landed doing kinesiology- the science of human movements. I completed my high school at Cathedral High School in West Texas. I was an active member of National Honor Society as well as Spanish Honor Society. I held the treasurer position for one year in the society, which I felt proud of. I was not excellent at my academics, was just an average student struggling with the subjects of chemistry and anatomy. It is strange at one point of time suddenly when u come across a certain situation or an accident and u just realize your dream and...
The soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior contract isometrically to keep the ankle stable at 90 degrees (Teachpe.com n.d.) (The previous reference was used to identify key joint types and muscles throughout my analysis). The knee joint is extended when in the standing position, to stabilize this joint the biceps femoris, semi-mebranosus, semi-tendonosus (hamstrings) and the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus transcriptis and vastus medialis (quadriceps) co-contract isometrically. The vertebral column of the body remains stable due to the isometric co-contraction of the erector spinae, rectus abdominus and the external and internal obliques.... ...
The musculoskeletal system is comprised of bones, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fascia and muscles. Together these body parts work to establish a framework that is the musculoskeletal system. This framework is what gives the body its shape, form, and figure. It stabilizes the body as well as supplies the structural support. The musculoskeletal body features not only provide a framework for your body but allows your ability to create movement. These movements are monitored by the musculoskeletal components which then determine your degree of flexibility. Overall the amount of energy your body uses comes almost entirely from these musculoskeletal functions. Which makes sense because it
The human foot is an incredibly complex part of the body, it is made up of twenty-six bones which is fully twenty-five percent of the bones in the entire body. The structure of the forefoot includes the five metatarsal bones and the phalanges. The metatarsal bones are for forward movement and provides attachment for several tendons. The phalanges, also known as the toes, movement take place in the joints. The foot movement only has two movements; inversion and eversion. All the joints in the hindfoot and midfoot contributes to these complex movements. The foot has two significant functions: weight bearing and impulsion, which both requires a high degree of stability. The foot must also be flexible so it is able to adapt to uneven surfaces. The various bones and joints of the foot are what allows the foot to be flexible. In order for the foot to be able to support any weight the various of bones must form an arch. The foot has three arches that are maintain by the shape of the bones and by the ligaments. The arches are supported by the muscles and tendons. A foot is a strong, flexible, and durable it allows us to daily activities as we please while carrying all the
An ankle fracture is a break in one or more of the three bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is made up by the lower (distal) sections of your lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) along with a bone in your foot (talus). Depending on how bad the break is and if more than one ankle joint bone is broken, a cast or splint is used to protect and keep your injured bone from moving while it heals. Sometimes, surgery is required to help the fracture heal properly.
The skeletal system is composed of two hundred and six bones in the human body. Functions such as the tendons, cartilage, and ligaments connect the bones and tissues together. Bone tissues make up about 18% of the weight of the human body. There are two types of tissue inside the bones. They consist of; compact bone and spongy bone. First, compact bone depicts the main shaft of long bones in the human body such as the arms and legs. Its tissue is dense and hard and it also makes up the outer layer of most bones in our body. Meanwhile, spongy bone tissue is made up of smaller plates occupied with red bone marrow. Mostly, it is found at the ends of long bones such as the head of the femur.
The skeletal muscles throughout the body are muscles that connect to the skeletal system via tendons, the use of these muscles are to make the movement of the skeletal system. The smooth muscles in the body are the muscles that can not control their movement, smooth muscles are found around some organs. The cardiac muscles are the heart muscles, the heart is a muscle itself, and it does not take any breaks, it pumps blood throughout the body every second of everyday the being that it is in is alive, for the most part. The bones in the body are throughout the body according to livescience.com are used for “support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage, and endocrine regulation”. Cartilage is tissue, cartilage is found where the body needs a little more flex than in more places (interactive-biology.com). Ligaments in the body are found where joints are, actually joints are made up of many ligaments. The two systems work with the other systems to provide support and allow movement throughout the body, the systems work together by having the nervous system send signals to skeletal muscles in the body, which then contract to produce movement. In bone marrow blood cells are made due to hemocytoblasts and with the right elements creates
The Skeletal System, also known as the Skeleton make up a framework that support the body and protect the organs. The Skeleton consists of the bones and joints of the body. In the human body there is 300 bones at birth, these then fuse together to make 206 bones in a fully grown adult. The Skeleton is made up of two divisions: The axial and appendicular Skeleton.