Symbolism in The Playboy of the Western World

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Symbolism in The Playboy of the Western World

Symbols are a powerful way of conveying information and feelings by

substituting something concrete to represent an idea e.g. the heart

(love), the dove (peace). Such representation is called symbolism.

In writing The Playboy of the Western World, Synge serves us an Irish

delicacy, in which lies the subtle yet memorable flavour of symbolism,

in the midst of rollicking comedy and luscious language.

The play opens with Pegeen writing about wedding requirements since

she is to marry Shawn Keogh. This marriage is a symbol of the Mayo

peasants’ bondage to a life of boredom, from which only ‘until death

do (they) part’. Christy, however, takes the village of Mayo

temporarily out of this reality, as Pegeen answers to his question

with the words, “What would I want a wedding so young?” knowing that

she is to marry Shawn. It appears a life of excitement awaits Pegeen

but she says rightly “We’re only talking, maybe.” Just as Pegeen’s

marriage to Shawn was delayed but not altogether dismissed by

Christy’s appearance so the excitement in Mayo was temporary and

boredom continuation inevitable. Such symbolism is effective in that

it links together the individual and communal levels of the play.

The picture we first obtain about Christy from Shawn is symbolic of

the epic proportions of Christy’s account reaches. Shawn tells of “a

kind of fellow” stealing poultry, following him and probably going to

kill him, “groaning wicked like a maddening dog,” when in reality

appears only “a very tired and frightened” young man. Christy

testifies of how his ‘da’ lay “stretched out” and “split to the knob

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...onveys the message of laziness and unrealized potential. Thus the two

symbols bring out the contrast in the state of Christy’s affairs well.

The fight between Christy and Old Mahon is symbolic of Christy’s

battle between his old self and his new self where his future lies at

the stake. Ultimately, Christy wins. His being captain and Old Mahon

being his servant symbolizes Christy as having a firm grip on his past

and living out the implications of his new image. At this point, we

know self-realization has been fulfilled since Christy himself tells

us “you’ve turned me a likely gaffer at the end of all.”

The impressiveness of Synge’s use of symbols rests also in their

natural occurrence throughout the play, as well as the union they form

between the physical and the abstract, adding more depth to the play

as a whole.

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