The Dutch originally settled Suriname in 1667, after acquiring it from the British in exchange for what would later become New York City, then known as New Amsterdam. Coffee and sugar plantations were created and worked by slaves that were brought in from Africa, however slavery was abolished in 1863, leading to indentured servants being brought in from China and Java (BBC News 2012). Plantations became less important as labor costs were rising, so rice, bananas and citrus replaced coffee, sugar and cocoa as traditional crop exports.
Following World War I, Suriname’s economy began to change as the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) found bauxite deposits and began exporting them. Almost 75% of all bauxite that the United States imported came from Suriname. In 1954, Suriname became autonomous in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Michigan State University 2011).
They finally gained their independence in 1975 under the first Prime Minister, Henck Arron. Five years after received their independence from the Netherlands, they were taken over by a military regime and became a socialist republic, led by military leader Desire Bouterse. In 1982, after the murder of 15 important opposition leaders, both the United States and the Netherlands cut off any financial aid that was previously being given to the country. This caused the economy to take a nosedive and in 1987, after increasing economic pressure arose, a democratic election took place (Central Intelligence Agency 2014).
On May 25, 1991, Ronald Venetiaan was elected President with Jules Ajodhia becoming Vice President, bringing the New Front Coalition (NF) into power. Through the next through years, Venetiaan instituted various economic policies that helped to reduce inflation and...
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... Secondary Education, both Suriname and UMIC has overall rising numbers with brief declines in the early 1980’s, with both having a high rate of approximately 85% in 2010-2011 (Graph B. and C.). For Gross Tertiary Education, both Suriname and UMIC again have rising rates, although UMIC had a much higher rate of increase than Suriname. In 1981, Suriname started at 6.24% and by 2002 rose to 12% (Graph B.), while UMIC started just slightly higher at 6.4%, but rose to 19%(Graph C.). While there is no data on the gross tertiary education of Suriname since 2002, UMIC has continued to grow, reaching 33.3% by 2011 (Graph C.). Based on the previously similar patterns, we can extrapolate that Suriname has also continued to rise.
III.V Inequality
III.VI Government Role and Performance
III.VII Geographic and Natural Resource Information
III.VIII International Linkages
After Virginia, Maryland was the second plantation colony formed in 1634 and it also prospered economically from growing tobacco. In the West Indies, they flourished by growing sugar, and the Carolinas with rice. Countless African slaves were brought over in large numbers to provide labor in the growing plantations since the demand for cash crops rose. Slavery was used in all the plantation colonies.
The 19th century set the stage for different policies that lead to the extending of America’s power, which is defined as imperialism. Imperialism started for different reasons like the Americans wanting the U.S. to expand or explore the unknown land, or even some feared existing resources in U.S. might eventually dry up. The reason imperialism started doesn’t really matter, but more of what it caused. Imperialism lead to Cuban assistance, the addition of Hawaii and Alaska to America, and Yellow Journalism.
For years, the sugar plantations of the French colony of Martinique have been a major contribution to their economy. The amount of labour needed for the continued production of sugar lead to the immigration of contracted French labourers, enslavement of the remaining Indigenous population, and importation of enslaved Africans. The procurement of slaves was one of the methods used to curb the large capital required for the operation of these plantations. Although these slaves were emancipated in 1948, they still remained the majority of labourers working in the sugar plantations, even as ‘freed men’. The plantation systems are a huge part of Martinique’s economic history. Sugar plantation systems constituted a significant facet of France’s colonization of
BOLIVIAN PARADISE Bolivia is an amazing country that is breathtaking and is similar to a paradise. Bolivia is an interesting country that practices an interesting style of living. Locals always have plenty to do. They can go out for pizza, go see movies, or simply sit and talk.
Colombia lies in the northern most part of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea the Bogota is the capital of Colombia. Bordering between Panama and Venezuela and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama. The size of Colombia is 1,138,910 square kilometers less than three times the size of the state of Montana. Mainland territory divided into four major geographic regions. Andean highlands are composed of three mountain ranges and overriding valleys and Caribbean lowlands; Pacific lowlands; and llanos and tropical rainforest of Eastern Colombia. Colombia also has small islands in both the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean. Climate in Colombia has unique variety in temperature resulting in changing differences in elevation not much seasonal variation. The rocky terrain cut by large rivers that flow into the Caribbean the Pacific. The Amazon and the Orinoco facilitates the construction of enormous reservoirs, which have steadily increased the country’s generation of energy and supply of drinking water.
Haiti as a rich history, filled with many peoples’ blood and countless hopes of freedom. With such a rich history, the country has yet to become financially stable because of their past. From the beginning of the French settlement where slaves were brought over from Africa to harvest crops, to the dictatorship of the Duvalier family. Haiti has yet to see a time when they are not in need of help. After the racial caste systems were set in place, many people would not see a truly independent country. When France finally gave independence to Haiti, they did it for a price. After they paid that price, the US occupied them because of their location and many resources. Every year in Haiti’s history as a nation and before has effects on the world today. These effects are not hidden in fine print, but blatantly found within Haiti and those who have been involved with Haiti.
Throughout the twentieth century, Rhodesia from 1960’s to the late 1970’s have always been in a struggle to fight for their independence. They had to deal with the British colonist that settled into their land and had taken over control of the country for the past couple of years. Due to the decolonisation of African countries after the second world war it gave many influences and reasons for Rhodesia to search to become an independent country. That all changed when they fully receive their independence in 1980 and during that time they fought for the control of their country, Rhodesia. The name was later changed to Zimbabwe due to a revolutionary struggle they had in their country. The battle to govern Rhodesia and also by the agreement of the Internal Settlement between the fighting forces to find and create peace
Peru is located in western South America with an estimated population of 30 million. It is multinational, including Europeans, Africans, Asians and Amerindians. The national language of the country is Spanish, however a significant number or Peruvians still speak other native languages. Peru is a representative democratic republic that is divided into 25 regions. It is a developing country with a poverty level around 25 percent. Its main economic industries are mining, manufacturing, agriculture and fishing. The history of Peru spans multiple millennia and gone through several stages of cultural development in the mountain region and the coastal desert. About 15,000 years ago, humans are believed to have crossed the Bering Strait from Asia and moved south surviving as nomads. The Peruvian region was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered it in the 16th century, which established a Viceroyalty with rule over most of South America. The nation declared independence from Spain in 1821, but consolidated only after the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824.
Using of slaves began in New York when the Dutch West India Company imported 11 African slaves to New Amsterdam in 1626, and the first slave sale being held in New Amsterdam was in 1655. The company imported slaves to New Amsterdam in order to clear the forests, lay roads, build houses and public buildings, and grow foods. It was company-owned slave labor that developed the foundations of modern New York, and made agriculture flourish in the colony so that later white traders turned from fur trapping to farming. Later,the British expanded the use of slavery and in 1703, more than 42 percent of New York City households held slaves, often used as domestic servants and labors. However,the treatments to the slaves were always inhumane and cruel,but slaves were finally obtained the rights through the manumission.
The 1800's were a renowned era in European history. With the rise of imperialism came the ruthless desire to seek new land through the use of authoritative implications. Whether it be the discovery of the Americas, where Christopher Columbus discovered various islands, which were clustered with indigenous people that were eventually completely wiped out for the pure desire of Spaniard power. This craving to "assimilate" indigenous people and to convert them to Christianity was an element, which rooted 19th century Europe. Although the actual question to whether these actions were good or evil are up for debate. Imperialism has been viewed as an expansion that serves only ones "object" and that it has no purpose beyond the benefit of the "self". This paper will explain Imperialism through a sociological perspective, while blending in notions of capitalism and modern day Imperialism that may now be viewed as Globalism.
By the 1780’s Saint Domingue’s had the largest amount of slaves in the Caribbean. This large amount of slaves can be greatly attributed to the nearly 30,000 Africans imported to the colony between 1785-1790 (Beckles 403) . This extraordinary amount of slaves allowed Saint Domingue emerge as one of the wealthiest colonies of its time, but it also made the island susceptible to a successful upheaval for the transplanted African communities. In 1789 Saint Domingue had approximately 8,000 plantations which produced crops for export which generated two fifths of Frances foreign trade, "a proportion rarely equalled in any colonial empire" (Beckles 403). The majority of crops being exported were coffee, and sugar although cotton, indigo were also part of this colonies economic prosperity.
The Slave Revolution in the Caribbean Colonists in the eighteenth century created plantations that produced goods such as tobacco, cotton, indigo, and more importantly, sugar. These plantations required forced labor, and thus slaves were shipped from Africa to the new world. “The Caribbean was a major plantation that was a big source of Europe’s sugar, and increasing economic expansion. The French had many colonies, including its most prized possession Saint- Domingue (Haiti). ”
When the country Haiti is said, one does not think of a nice, relaxing, vacation destination. Thoughts like ‘poverty’ and ‘earthquake’ pop into mind. Haiti has been struggling its whole existance trying to overcome poverty, crime, and natural disasters. Throughout all of this, Haiti’s people and culture has remained as exciting and energetic as it naturally is. From the mountains to the coastal lowlands, Haiti’s culture and struggles make it the interesting tropical island it is today.
Positioned in the southern Caribbean Sea is an island country with many beguiling activities to gesture visitors to its immaculate shores. Although most might head to the Bahamas, incredible Aruba offers more than what meets the eye with its peaceable and heaven-like magnificence. Those who love to get their adrenalin propelling will love Aruba's many exploratory activities available at hand. This former Dutch colonial island instituted by Peter Stuyvesant in early 1636 offers electrifying yet adrenalin packed activities that will both indulge and intensify your senses with delight to the max. On land, you can partake in ATV buggy tours or Aruba jeep tours.
Luxembourg is a country located in Western Europe, mainly composed of French and Germanic speaking and cultures. Luxembourg has an area of nearly 2,586 square kilometers making it one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe. In 2012 Luxembourg had a small population of 524,853 which is ranked 8th of least populous countries in Europe. Luxembourg ranked in size 179th out of 194 independent countries of the world. Luxembourg borders Belgium to the West, Germany to the East, and France to the South. The country being a representative democracy is headed by Grand Duke Henri. Luxembourg has a very developed and advanced economy, ranking to be with one of the world’s highest Gross Domestic Product per capita. Luxembourg is made up of a high income