Surface Area and Rate of Oxygen Production Investigate: To determine the relationship between surface area and rate of oxygen production when potato tissue is placed in Hydrogen peroxide solution
Planning ========
My prediction
I predict that the bigger surface area of the potato chips, the faster the rate of reaction of the hydrogen peroxide is being use up and the faster the oxygen is being given off. Also the rate of the oxygen being given off should be directly proportional to each other.
Scientific Theory
Catalyst is one of the factors which affect the speed of a reaction.
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* I will select the best 5 chips from there; I will cut them into same length by using a knife and a ruler.
* Then I will cut the 5 potato chips into different surface area as shown in analysing.
* I will fill water in the trough.
* By using the measuring cylinder, I will measure 100cm3 of the hydrogen peroxide solution. Then I pour the solution inside the conical flask.
* I will join the delivery tube to the conical flask.
* I will set up the burette holding it upright with a clamp stand.
* I will record the temperature of where the experiment will take place
* I will record the readings from the burette every 30 seconds for 5 minutes
* The experiment will be repeated and the potato chips will be cut into thinner pieces each time, in order to see the effect of the surface area on the volume of oxygen
Obtaining Evidence ==================
The factor below were all kept
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We need to use the same potato for cutting the potato chips therefore in the beginning I need to have 5 potato chips to be really to cut, but when I left the potato out of the air then the potato chips will dry out. It is easier to cut the potatoes across not lengthwise, but the surface area would then only increase by a small amount. It was very hard to read the readings at exactly every 30 seconds because people have reaction time so this can delay my readings. Also when I was putting the potato chips into the conflict flask, maybe two potato chips were sticking together, this will make less surface areas to let the hydrogen peroxide. In some of the potato chips were floating in the hydrogen peroxide; this makes less surface area of the potato chips. I need to keep the temperature constant throughout the whole experiment but it was different because this is an exothermic reaction, which means when its reacted, it will give out heat, so the temperature may change.
In order to improve my experiment, I can use an implement called thermostatically controlled water-bath. This can keep the
Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is an important process because it allows plants to produce glucose, as well as oxygen. Based on evidence from previous experiments, the growth of the plant will reflect the amount of CO2 gas that is present in the environment (O’Leary and Knecht 1986). This means that the plant growth relies on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to be successful. Therefore, in several cases, it has been noted that when the concentration of CO2 is doubled, the plant growth will similarly increase (Carter et al. 1997). So, it can be concluded that by raising the amount of carbon dioxide in an environment, the surrounding plants will experience an increase in growth.
to this rigid structure of the plants and so, it is very useful as a
Test tube A will have a piece of potato which is this size. Test tube
The Effect of Solute Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis Aim: To test and observe how the concentration gradient between a potato and water & sugar solution will affect the rate of osmosis. Introduction: Osmosis is defined as, diffusion, or net movement, of free water molecules from high to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. When a substance, such as sugar (which we will be using in the experiment we are about to analyse), dissolves in water, it attracts free water molecules to itself, and in doing so, stops them from moving freely. The effect of this, is that the concentration of (free) water molecules in that environment goes down. There are less free water molecules, and therefore less water molecules to pass across a semi-permeable membrane, through which sugar molecules and other molecules attached to them are too big to diffuse across with ease.
The purpose of this assessment was to research, design and conduct an experimental investigation on the effect of substrate concentration (manipulated by increasing concentration of pH buffer) of catalysed reactions by measuring the volume of oxygen produced as the reaction proceeded.
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of changing the concentration of sodium chloride solution on the rate of osmosis in tubes of potatoes. This was maintained using equal measurements of the potato tubes and applying them into the different concentrations of sodium chloride, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 26%, in beakers then measuring the change in mass of the potato tubes afterwards. The time taken for all potato tubes to be placed in solution was 15 minutes. Can the concentration gradient of the sodium chloride solution influence on the rate of osmotic diffusion undergone by the potato tubes?
Text Box: Surface Area When a solid reacts with a liquid or gas, the surface area of the solid particles makes a difference to the speed of the reaction. From the diagram you can see that the three smaller particles have a larger surface area all together (shown as blue) than the larger particle and so will react faster. There are more calcium carbonate particles on the the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
The beakers and measuring cylinders were rinsed and dried to remove any cause for errors.
To investigate the amount of oxygen foam (cm) produced by the enzyme catalase when it breaks down hydrogen peroxide in the animal (liver, milk, honey) and plant cells(potato, purple cabbage) into oxygen and water
Diffusion and osmosis are necessary for the efficient transport of substances in and out of living cells. Diffusion is the most common and effective transportation process between cells and their surroundings, the movement of a substance along a concentration gradient from high to low, allowing essential nutrients and compounds to be transported without expending energy. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion, specific to water. In order to observe diffusion and osmosis in real and artificial cells, a series of experiments was put together to observe how the surface area to volume ratio effects the rates of diffusion by using agar in different shapes with different ratios, next the rate of diffusion due to tonicity was observed using different solutions with different tonicities. And lastly live plant cells were submerged in different solutions with varying water potentials to observe how was potential effects the rate of osmosis and diffusion. It was concluded that the larger surface area to volume ratio, the faster rate of diffusion, the hypertonic solutions caused water to leave a cell and the hypotonic solutions allowed water to enter a cell, and that water potential will move from high to low in an attempt to maintain equilibrium.
when to do it etc. This should lead me to good results at the end of
Hypothesis: If a level of salt and sugar to a poolish concentration is added, then the performance in bread rising and the cumulative CO2 production will increase with variance on amount added.
4. Put each group of potato discs in one of the 6 test tubes and watch
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.