[Need to modify: copied from thesis Robust and Fault Tolerant Control of CD-players]
In 1972 Philips announced a technique to store data on an optical disc. First in 1981 Philips and Sony proposed the Compact Disc Digital Audio standard (CD-DA) which was coded in the so-called Red Book [Philips and Sony Corporation, 1991]. The development of this technique revolutionized the audio world by introducing truly digital technology for the first time. It was in the year 1982 that Philips and Sony launched the first players and discs on the market. The CD became the music carrier of choice by 1991, when sales exceeded those of audio-cassettes.
Another widely available optical disc technology is the Digital Video/Versatile Disc, abbreviated as DVD. While a CD holds either 650[MB] or 700[MB] of data, a DVD can hold up to 25 times more. There is even another type of optical discs, the so-called high capacity optical discs, which are characterized by offering the user storage capacities typically in the range from 20[GB] to 50[GB], (approximately between 30 to 75 times more data than a CD). At this writing, four high capacity optical discs have been announced so far: the Blu-ray disc (BRD) [Hitachi et al., 2002], the advanced optical disc [Toshiba and NEC, 2002], the Blue-HD (High Density) disc [OES and AOSRA, 2002] and the HD-DVD-9 disc [Bros, 2002]. All are in principle rewritable discs, although ROM versions are being discussed.
Since the first mass replication moulded CDs were introduced on the market a confusing number of optical disc formats have been developed giving the consumer not only the possibility to read data but also to record and erase as desired. The numerous standards and formats of optical discs can be divided in three g...
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...s correction code is used in DVDs, called Reed-Solomon (RS) product code, capable of correcting a burst length of approximately 6[mm]. The deinterleave process is achieved by writing sequentially into a data buffer and reading out by means of a sequencer. The speed of the disc motor is unimportant and the system drives the spindle at whatever speed is necessary so that the data buffer neither underflows nor overflows. The size of the data buffer is a compromise between economical costs and resistance to burst errors.
Why optical discs drive?
In recent years, optical disk drive has become one of major data storage devices in auxiliary memory devices and AV systems. The reasons for this popularity are its short access time compared with that of magnetic tape drive, exchangeability of disks, and almost unlimited lifetime [New Fine Seek Control for Optical Disk Drives]
Web. 15 Feb. 2014. <http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/disk_play.cfm>. Edie, Paul C. "History of the Victor Phonograph." The Victor-Victrola Page.
12. DVDs are digital versatile disc, optical discs used to externally store data. DVDs have higher recording and retrieving speeds, are better suited for backing up information, and have higher capacity per device than
Briton Kane Kramer invented the digital audio player in 1979, known as the MP3 player. Finally, the compact discs (CD) came out in 1982 and “The first album ever released on a CD was Billy Joel’s 52nd Street. The first to sell one million copies was Dire Straits’ Brothers In Arms.” Following the CD were: DAB radio, Sony Discman, Sony Minidisc.... ...
One of the newest, most exciting and innovative ways to get music these days is not in the mall and not at a huge mega-sized electronic store, it's not even by a mail order CD club. It’s the computer. It sits conveniently on a desk and now allows access to every imaginable genre of music, twenty-four hours a day, rain or shine, snow or sleet, in the comfort of your own home. Technology is changing the way we listen to music. Now downloading a Mp3 from the Internet is a lot easier than going to the store and buying an overpriced CD. A near CD quality digital recording of music, Mp3s are digital computer files compressed to make them readily available over the Internet. It seems the high prices, new technology, and availability are causing most music lovers to turn to this new form of music media to combat their expensive addiction to compact discs. It has become so simple to search out and download music that more and more people are finding it favorable to just copy their music to a recordable CD (CD-R). That would mean people could, from their own home, create illegal copies of the copyrighted material at or near industrial compact disc quality. Further adding to consumer accessibility, manufacturers now produce portable MP3 players , so now the need to buy CD-R’s is eliminated and you can just...
The DeCSS program was created by a group of three European programmers that called itself Masters of Reverse Engineering (MoRE). The media usually attributes its creation to a Norwegian teenager, Jon Johansen, although he has stated that he did not even do the crucial decryption portion [1]. DeCSS was created to provide a method of DVD playback under Linux, which at the time had no program capable of playing DVDs. In order to understand the basis for the case by the MPAA, it is necessary to first understand the encryption scheme employed by DVDs and how DeCSS circumvents this to facilitate playback.
Henshall, March. "Vinyl vs CD In The Loudness War." Sound Matters. N.p., 7 Sept. 2007. Web.
Another feature that is a first in the console industry is Xbox’s internal 8-Gigabyte (Gb) Hard-Drive or Hard Disk Drive (Hdd). This contributes too much of Xbox’s weight, but gives many features. With this you don’t have a need for a memory card to save your game files, you save them right to the hard-drive. This is a very nice feature on the Xbox, because it saves you money.
How a record player works is quite simple. A motor is somehow connected to a solid disc so that the disc is rotated at a constant speed. On top of the rotating disc (platter), The record is placed on top, with a slip mat in between. The slip mat can serve two functions. In the past to hold the record in place so that it would not rotate independently of the platter. Now, however, the slip mat serves a much different function. Instead of holding the record in place, the slip mat is now used to reduce the friction between the spinning platter and the record. This way a DJ can scratch (manually move the record, usually at high speeds) the record while the platter continues to spin underneath. Once the record is rotating, a stylus glides along the grooves and picks up the vibrations, these are then converted into audible sound.
Schoener, Steven E. "The Digital Revolution." Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Last modified May 5, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20081007132355/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/digital.html.
5. Royal Philips Electronics, Imaging : its digital future, Briefing, Volume 3, Issue 2, article no. 19.
and next to the disc is an infrared LED and an infrared sensor. As the
8. “The History of the Edison Disc Phonograph.” American Memory: Historical Collects for National Digital Library 13 Mar. 2003. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/eddschst.html.
Optical discs! What are optical discs? An optical disc is a flat round portable metal disc with plastic coating. CDs, DVD, and BLU-RAY discs are three types of optical discs. (Gary B. Shelly). Optical discs are Storage devices that are read by light. The most common optical discs used are CDs, and DVDs. These discs are removable media. Optical discs weigh little to nothing and have high capacity for storage. (PCmag.com)
So if you’re a photographer or someone that is looking for storage, the best option would be to get yourself a hard disk drive, it might be slow, but you’re paying far less than a solid state drive and getting a lot more storage. The more gigabytes the solid state drive, the more it will cost as they are the new technology, and to get the newest technology, you have to pay the big bucks. On August 15, 2015, Samsung developed and released the world’s largest hard drive at 16TB, and it’s a solid state drive… I wonder how much that is going for. All in all, the hard disk drive easily wins on price, capacity and availability, whilst the solid state drives wins on speed (fragmentation), form factor, durability and
Now my paper is about synchronizing the data available in the USB flash drive with the PC or laptop. This can be achieved by implementing the effect of few modules available and also by modifying the design of the USB flash drive. We shall now discuss in detail