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Importance of construction materials
Importance of construction materials
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Abstract:
This case study discusses different building materials used for construction of a specific building located in AL Khoud/ AL Seeb. The structure is commercial building residential building consisting of 10 floors and 36 apartments and 12 shops. Also discuss the reason of choosing these materials and mention the properties which made to choose those materials. To get this information for discussion a site visit to the mentioned structure has been conducted. The report includes the steps done in sequence for the mentioned structure until the wall construction. The rest steps done after research and the photos taken from other structures to give a clear idea about the whole process and steps.
2. Introduction:
Structural Engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the analysis and designs the structures that supports or resist the loads. Its most commonly used in of buildings and structures is building the
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Concert can used for general building work such as , namely columns, beams and slabs
• Cement: The main reason for using cement because it hardens when bending on the other hand cement can used to bind block by joints mortar also cement can make the concert impermeable
• Sand: it consisting of metal rock mineral. is a naturally or artificially occurring angular or round granular material.it can reduce cracks and shrinkage in concrete and also plastering , sand can used to mobilization course aggregate
• Coarse aggregate : this material is important to use because it helps to increase the crushing strength of concrete .
• Aggregate: in cement concrete to gain good quality aggregates are used in two groups. Sand and coarse
...e recycle system to be constantly upgraded with the latest technology when it comes on the market.
Home Depot was founded in 1978 by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank in Atlanta, Georgia. With their store, Marcus and Blank revolutionized the do-it-yourself home improvement market in the United States. Home Depot began as a very basic store, operated in a large, no-frills warehouse. Home Depot carries over 35,000 products, with national brand names along with the Home Depot brand. At the start, Home Depot was able to offer exceptional customer service with knowledgeable employees who could guide customers through home renovation projects. Since its opening, Home Depot has experienced incredible growth, and today is North America's second largest retailer, and the largest home improvement retailer. Internationally, Home Depot has expanded into Canada, Mexico, and is beginning to operate stores in China. Home Depot's competition includes Sears, Ace Hardware and Lowes (the main competitor).
Throughout the construction industry, technology plays a role to help ease the completion of a project to all of the parties involved. The amount of technology application in the industry supports the belief that technology has a positive impact on project productivity. One of the main materials used in the construction industry that surrounds us every day, in which we overlook, is concrete. Concrete is an art form, in which it takes time and talent in order for it to be used efficiently, to produce its high strength and longevity. However, the downfall of this material is that it is extremely costly and nearly impossible to form it to an aesthetically pleasing surface. In spite of this, what if I told you that there is hope? That the dream of a material made of concrete, producing the same qualities, can be formed to any shape, and used anywhere was a reality.
The strength developed by portland cement depends on its composition and the fineness to whi...
Of the two methods were by replacing the normal aggregates by lightweight aggregates and the other by introducing air entraining agents to increase the volume of the mix. Many light weight aggregates like pumice stone, blast furnace slag, slate and metakaolin. Use of these aggregates to some extend did not show much variation in compressive strength of concrete. The other material used as replacement to aggregates was the EPS beads. These beads reduced the weight of concrete by large amount but also affected the strength of concrete
The structural engineers use geometry in their design in order to calculate the spacing of their columns and beams for proper strength for the building.
In the ever-increasing construction industry, concrete forms the basic building block. Concrete consists mainly of three raw materials apart from water. These are cement, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. Out of these raw materials, cement and coarse aggregate can be easily manipulated to match the needs of how concrete should be made. While sand, which amounts to about 35% of the volume of concrete, is mainly obtained from natural sources like river beds, the quality and texture of sand cannot be.
[A]Cement [B] Cement paste [C] Cement paste & Fine aggregates [D] Mortar & Coarse aggregates.
Granite aggregate is hard rock of granular structure which is crushed, it is very common on earth. Granite rock is made by magma which erupted on the ground surface and then hardened as it cooled down. It has sound properties which makes it the most popular building material and it is regarded as the best aggregate for high-grade concrete. Granite is also used as a decorative stone, it can be of different colours such as grey, red or pink. It comes in different shades, it gets a beautiful smooth surface after it is polished. Granite mostly consists of feldspar, mica crystals and quartz, the content of which affects the colour and the shades of the stone.
...inclusion of fly ash resulted in the reduction in compressive strength of concrete specimen. It has also been reported that the reduction in the compressive strength of quarry dust concrete was compensated by inclusion of fly ash into the concrete mix. Reddy (2007) reported an increasing compressive strength by use of quarry rock flour as fine aggregate instead of river sand.
Before exploring aggregate formation and strength, the word "aggregate" must be clearly defined. Singer and Munns (1996) define aggregate as a word synonymous to "ped" which refers to "a group of primary particles held together by various soil-stabilizing agents" (pg. 28) and "are described according to their shape, size, stability, and east with which we can see them in the soil" (pg. 28). There are six main types of aggregate shape: granular, subangular blocky, angular blocky, prismatic, columnar, and platy (Singer and Munns, 1996). Aggregates of different shapes form under different conditions, however, the basic elements that cause aggregate formation remain the same.
As stated above, fine aggregates that are suggested to be used shall be only screened quarry fines. According to PWD Malaysia’s Standard Specification (2008), fine aggregates must be non-plastic and free from clay, loam, aggregations of material, vegetative and other deleterious substances.
To understand these intricacies of this inter-relation between function and use of architecture and elements that influences it, the case of Islamic architecture can be studied. As per Spahic Omer, “Islamic architecture is an architecture whose function, and to a less extent, forms, are inspired primarily by Islam”. According to Omer, Islamic architecture functions as a representation of Islam translated into reality at the hands of the Muslims, besides being used as a representation to identify Islamic culture and civilization (Omer 484). Omer also emphasizes that Islamic architecture also functions as a field for implementation of Islam and as a vehicle for its promotion and advancement by means of perception, visualization, planning, execution and utilization and by means of innovative practical plans, designs and structural solutions (Omer 486). Thus we see how architecture may cater to a sublime function of making changes to and accepting changes from external factor like religion.
Human beings are susceptible to the force of nature. They had to make shelter for themselves. Material was one of the most basic tools to create shelter. By development of building construction, selection and use of materials also developed. The relationship between the architecture and the materials before invention of modern materials was simple and generally naturally [1]; in the past, architects always use tradition materials according their experimental skills. For choosing structural materials, they had attention to important factors such as availability (local materials) and harmony with climate and culture [2], although this way was forward with feedback. But this relationship was not continuing simply.
Concrete compressive strength is an important factor within the mechanical properties. In most building structures, concrete strength is used to resist compressive forces and support load act on the buildings. Compressive strength could be one of the basic measurement to review the overall quality of the concrete. Mindess et.al. (2003) states that water to cement ratio (w/c) has a great impact in the strength of the concrete. The higher the w/c, the lower the compressive strength. The lower the w/c, the higher the compressive