Bureaucracy
Among other things, the owner group comprises some important factors, the bureaucracy is also one of factors that influencing design changes（Kazaz，2012）.Especially in some developing countries, several of bureaucratic barriers usually show in public construction projects, and thus delays in executing the works owing to the shortage of required supports of public establishments. Another weakness infects a construction project health, which is Poor management skill of the owner. Public establishment in a public construction project or innovative company’s board of directors in a private project might suffer from notability of management as a user , applying basic governmental principles （Kazaz，2012）.As a consequence, the all factors
…show more content…
（Wu，2005） It makes the construction become efficient and safety if contractor requested change order generally, and also could make construction quality and surrounding friendliness. （Wu，2005） Without demanding extra costs, the project owner most of time that accepted change order requests（Wu，2005）. There are some situations in the original construction process. Such as the underground conditions , this caused by lacking of construction site investigation by the design department, or further requirements of underground developments or improvement of underground monitoring and sensing, and differing underground condition and seepage when construction excavation. Hsieh(2004)agreed that “Underground conditions tend to be more complicated in the depth range of 2–5 m below ground, and all the more complicated in areas that were previously riverbed”. Otherwise, unsuitable construction methods or the other human mistakes could also result in man-made disasters, which mean on-site work of repairing would cause change designs. …show more content…
The material changes could include fluctuation in material prices, contractor’s financial problems, and selection of unsuitable material or material storage problems (Kazaz,2012). Financial factors include relative importance values. Inflation is the most important factor, which cause material prices fluctuation (Kazaz,2012) .Although cash flow problem caused by the owner ,it directly lead to the main contractor could not gain the monthly progress payments. Equally, inflation and the constant increase of material prices are having a close relationship with another change design material factors. This relationship could be explained by the realities that unsteady inflation making a great influence on material prices. In fact, the one factors in this group indicate budget problems in the project-level, while the others mean financial problems in the country-level(Kazaz,2012) .However, it is evident that overrun-based financial factors in construction basically arise from private owners and public institutions, and lead to time extension, from general contractors . It would also be claimed that a country’s financial atmosphere has secondary effect on the time extension issue of a construction project investment. （Steffens，2007 ）These evidences obviously highlight that a sound time preparation and projection is not caused by the parties in a construction project, and that
Often, when the discussion of American bureaucracy is broached in conversation, those holding these conversations often think of the many men and women who operate behind the scenes within the government. This same cross section of Americans is looked upon as the real power within the federal government and unlike the other branches of government, has little to no oversight. A search of EBSCO resulted in the following definition, an organization “structure with a rigid hierarchy of personnel, regulated by set rules and procedures” (Bureaucracy, 2007). Max Weber believed that a bureaucracy was technically the most efficient form of organization, one structured around official functions that are bound by rules, each function having its own specified competence (2007). This wide ranging group of Americans has operated within the gaps, behind the scenes, all under the three core branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The division of government into three branches and separate powers gives each branch both exclusive powers and some additional power...
Bureaucracy is a dominant organization that has emerged in life (Henslin, 2012). It can be a school or university, the government, grocery store, etc. There are five different characteristics in a bureaucracy: clear levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountability flowing upward, a division of labor, written rules, written communications and records, and impersonality and replaceability (Henslin, 2012). A farmer’s market has each of these characteristics. A farmer’s market is a place where farmers or people come and sell healthy, organic foods, or sell different artistic pieces. This essay explains the different characteristics outlined in a farmer’s market.
On the 7th March 2016 Delphi Printer and Periphals Company released the launch of its latest and innovative printer. In this analysis I will break down the approaches taken as Senior Project Manager and discuss my decisions and management style, comparing this to other project management methodolgys. I will then go on to discuss the project’s successes amd contraints including the theory of contraints in relation to this project. The reasons why this project was both a success and failure in terms of project management will be critically discussed not only on an indivisual scale in terms of company success but also in comparision to the larger context of mangement practises. The use of one consistent case study comparision is important to compare my project management too. I will be in this analysis using the rebuild of the one world trade centre project in New York
The project management have a particular initiative of a plan and then those plans are directed in a particular process which have certain measures depending on the project nature which is done in a controlled manner and if it has many processes then the cycle is repeated over and over, as it reaches the last stage then the project finally terminated. But on the other hand the ordinary management does not initiate the project with a proper plan and also it does not end the project in a proper manner since the processes are not followed correctly so the project never ends it goes on and on, one or the other problem ...
This project took me through the history, training, and a day on the job. It could not have been a better experience, and this project proved that a career in construction management is a real possibility in the future. The history of construction management was not a shock, but it was a little bit of a reality check. It is common knowledge that the human race has been building things since the beginning of time, but what is extraordinary is to think about how far the world has come over the thousands of years. Men and women started living in small huts.
Any project of construction, ‘Investigation’ takes a prominent place. Before starting a construction civil organizers should pay attention on the history, environment recommendation on the favorable or unfavorable location, economic and safe design and potential risks. On above circumstances civil engineers have to get instructions from ground investigation contractor and geotechnical engineer. At the same time engineer has to find reasons for failure, because failure affects the entire construction project. Most of the countries in the world ,not only in our country, engineers have subjected to fail in construction due to poor investigation.
Though the bureaucracy began simply, with George Washington’s creation of the Department of Foreign Affairs, over the last 226 years, its size and power have increased exponentially. From homeland security to the delivery of mail, this “fourth branch of government” possesses a wide scope of responsibilities. However, the necessity for such a structure often comes into question. According to Max Weber, who believed that “the bureaucracy was likely to acquire an ‘overpowering’ power position, the bureaucracy is an “inevitable consequence” of modern day life (“The Rise of the Bureaucratic State”, Wilson). A specialized bureaucracy provides valuable expertise, an asset which the Founders did not take for granted, as they had suffered a committee
Climate changes include the variations in the climatic factors such as flooding, rainfall and high temperatures, the mechanism of the construction industry very much depends on such factors, it affects the construction business in two dimensions. One, the governments around the world have raised the standards of the product such as new buildings require to withstand higher temperatures, colder winters, rainfalls, winds and floods. The other way the industry is affected by its construction processes, since the projects have a longer completion time and are vulnerable during the construction process, same factors can affect their productivity and profitability by delays in the completion caused by climatic factors such as rainfall, floods and heavy winds (Pravin, Murali, & Shanmugapriyan, 2017). Since the lifetime of the buildings is very high (30-70 years), climate changes if not considered will affect the quality of those buildings, as once the building is constructed and is fully operational it is quite difficult to address any impacts of the climatic changes. The impact is not only limited to the construction of buildings, it is extended towards the construction of houses and public infrastructure.
Summary: I have mentioned the different types of market and the two main factors which are supply and demand, I have wrote in detail what they are and how they affect construction. Also I have mentioned the interests and inflation charge and how they affect the economy and the construction industry. In task two I have mentioned the different problems relating to economics which includes the shortages and scarcity. I have also mentioned the different thinking’s of the human nature and what the factors are. Finally I have spoken about the different solutions and how it has affected construction.
Risks are inherent in almost every work done by human so as in construction projects. Lives, property and money are lost due to these risks. These losses can happen due to human carelessness or extreme environmental conditions and these losses can be mitigated by proper risk management plan. Construction projects are vast and complex. The risks vary by varying construction projects types. This paper addresses the most common construction risks in all types of construction projects and their mitigation strategies.
Brooke (1997), explains Estimation as the technical procedure of anticipating the value of the project. Building construction estimation is the process of acquiring the construction value for the whole project before the project starts. Thus, construction attaining process depends hugely on financial management to sustain workability and smooth operations. The delay in construction is a global issue which is due to improper preparation of estimates and lack of drawings (Ajanlekoko, 1987). In accordance to Gkritza (2008), the source of delay in a project are identified to be in the initial stages, like bad quantification, errors in design and ground conditions. Thus, the purpose of a proper estimate is to foretell the cost needed to finish the
Time-phased project work is the basis for project cost control. Work package duration is used to develop the project network. Further, the time-phased budgets for work packages are timetabled to establish fiscal measures for each phase throughout the project. The time-phased budgets are to emulate the real cash needs of the budget, which will be used for project cost control. This information is useful to estimate cash outflows. The project manager's attention is on when the costs are to occur, when the budgeted cost is earned, and when the actual cost materializes. This information is made up to measure project schedule and cost variances (Gray & Larson, 2005). The following are typical types of costs found in a project:
In general, there are different types of procurement type for various situations, due to no one method can be suitable under the all different construction project. In this case, there are four procurement paths, which are traditional, design and build, management and design and manage, which will be advised to use. However, each method has different advantages and disadvantages. First, traditional path is the tender documents have been prepared and then invite the tender and the employer appoints the contractor to construct the project. There are several advantages of this traditional route in the construction industry.
. Variation orders can have both direct and indirect effect on cost. For direct effect’s example, time and material charges related to immediately affected task while for indirect effect is changing in cash flow due to effect on inflation and financial charges. Secondly, variation orders in the construction project also can results in rework and demolition of the structure of the building if it is occurred during construction. This effect is usually during construction phase while variations during the design phase do not require to demolition or rework on construction site. Thirdly, the impact of variation to the construction project is quality of project. Variations affect the quality of work adversely, it is because the contractors have to compensate for losses by cutting corners and so on. Next, variations usually hinder the project progress, leading to delay in achieving the targeted significant events during construction. Mostly, variations will give huge impact on the delay of completion of the construction project. Lastly, increase in project cost is also one of the impact of variation to the construction project. It is mean that when occurred any alteration or addition in the design phase during the execution of the project, it may result in demolition or rework of the project component and eventually increase the project
Corruption is one of the major issues nowadays and is a clear example and consequence of the actual society and culture. A manifestation of this global phenomenon is the construction industry where corruption is really widespread and interconnected with other industries.