Sterilization by Saturated Steam

Title: Sterilization by Saturated Steam

Introduction: The sterilization process is done to completely eliminate all microorganisms that could potentially be a contaminant and lead to occurrences of hazards (Chi, 1993). Sterilization is a process defined by killing all living microorganisms, including bacteria and spores. This process can be done chemically, physically, and by means of physiochemical methods (Soper & Davies, 1990). Chemicals used in these processes to ensure all microorganisms no longer exist are known as sterilizing agents and are called chemisterilants. The result of sterilization often depends on the type of substance being sterilized and the conditions made to suitably sterilize it (Soper & Davies, 1990). The types of sterilization methods differ from the usage of saturated steam under pressure or by using heat, which can be categorized into moist and dry heat. Usage of heat is considered to be the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. A few other ways of sterilization include ionizing radiation, filtration, and the input of gas.

Moist heat sterilization can be carried out by exposing microorganisms to saturated steam under pressure in an operating machine called the autoclave. Once the microorganisms are sealed in the autoclave, their enzymes and structural components of proteins will start changing, and the changes formed are not reversible (Yesair, 1946). As the temperature in the autoclave increases, the amount of water in the autoclave will decrease. This method of sterilization requires accurate time, temperature, and pressure measurement. Cleanliness and removal of any debris found in the autoclave machine should be removed. When initiating this method, air should be removed from the autoclave to prevent any air pockets from forming. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper usage (Gardner, 2002). Step-by-step flash sterilization is a method that can be used to sterilize items that cannot withstand the standard autoclave process (Chobin, 2007). Physical methods of sterilization of microorganisms have been studied, and it has been found that moist heat is the most effective method (Rahn, 1945).

In conclusion, sterilization is a crucial process that ensures the complete elimination of all microorganisms that could potentially be a contaminant and lead to occurrences of hazards. The usage of saturated steam under pressure or by using heat is considered to be the oldest and most reliable method of sterilization. The autoclave is an operating machine that can be used to carry out moist heat sterilization. Accurate time, temperature, and pressure measurement are required for this method to be effective. Flash sterilization is a questionable practice that requires proper usage. Physical methods of sterilization of microorganisms have been studied, and it has been found that moist heat is the most effective method.