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Empirical review on parenting styles
Empirical review on parenting styles
Empirical review on parenting styles
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Spontaneous adoption, allomothering, twining, and babysitting are all behaviors that are commonly witnessed in primates and have been a significant interest for observational study. Primates are not the only group to exhibited infant adoption however they are one of the more predominantly studied groups (Riedman, 1982). Spontaneous adoption refers to the shift in roles of primary care giver from a relative, primarily the mother to a non-relative (Thierry and Anderson, 1982). The role of primary care giver can consist of many different duties including, grooming, protection, teaching, feeding, transportation and so forth. Typically, this behavior would be observed amongst primates in the same species for fear of morphological, developmental,
Broad, K.D, J.P Curley, and E.B Keverne. "Mother–infant Bonding and the Evolution of Mammalian Social Relationships." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society, 2014. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
Although the practice of collecting animals have been present since 2500 B.C (Dunlap and Kellert), efforts to keep animals in a safe and natural habitat have been poorly consummated. Psychological manipulation has consequentially drawn chimpanzees to mental illness, as in the article “How Abnormal Is the Behavior of Captive, Zoo-Living Chimpanzees?” Lucy P. Birkett and Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher wrote, “Many chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) kept in laboratory housing settings show a variety of serious behavioral abnormalities, such as, repetitive rocking, drinking of urine, or self-mutilation.” Social and maternal separation for the benifit of reasearch are linked to psychological traumatic as well (Dunlap and Kellert). Although through history the service of zoos have been for entertainment, it is a trivial reason for holding chimpanzees in confidment. Subsequently, it is inhumane to take primates from the wild and place them in a zoo, commercial, or laboratory setting, which strips them of their ability to act naturally.
When a couple or individual decides to adopt a child, they know they are going to take on the responsibility of taking care of someone else’s child. Due to the biological parent(s) who can’t take care of that child anymore, because of either drug abuse, alcohol abuse, abuse to the child or if the parent(s) had died and there is no other care for the child. So that’s why this gives other couples who cannot have kids, the opportunity to promise themselves to be a great parent to a child in need. Though there are some bad things about adoption as well. Like adopting a child from another country of another race, because once that child is adopted into an American family, he or she will be cut off from their culture and never know about their history. Everyone should to know about their culture and history.
Quiatt, D., & Reynolds, V. (1993). Primate behaviour: information, social knowledge, and the evolution of culture. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press].
Sealed records for adoptees should be illegal due to the emotional, medical and the history of an adoptee. How is sealing a person’s life away upon any kinds of adoptions and never allowing them to know who they are, where they came from, and their medical background be close to right? How can being for sealed records ever help the ones who really need the support?
What is foster care? Why do some people choose to adopt? What are benefits of adoption? How does the foster system work? These are questions often asked when people want to know what adoption can be like. Adoption is not something everyone is open to, but doing foster care and taking care of children from broken homes can change not just their life but the person caring for them. Adoption and foster care can be an option that should be well thought about before acted upon. Adopting can be a new beginning not just for the child, but for the person adopting. Before making the choice to adopt, becoming a foster-parent is a wonderful first step to take. Foster care and adoption can be a great life changing experience for the parents and children
There has been an enormous amount of research conducted about adoptees and their problems with identity formation. Many of the researchers agree on some of the causes of identity formation problems in adolescent adoptees, while other researchers conclude that there is no significant difference in identity formation in adoptees and birth children. This paper will discuss some of the research which has been conducted and will attempt to answer the following questions: Do adoptees have identity formation difficulties during adolescence? If so, what are some of the causes of these vicissitudes? Is there a significant difference between identity formation of adoptees and nonadoptees?
In conclusion, mother-infant attachment paves the way for adult social relationships as supported by Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment and its follow-up, Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study, and Henry Harlow’s classic experiment with the monkeys. Furthermore, strong secure attachments breed healthy social relationships, while insecure attachments lead to difficult social and emotional issues. The best way to prevent insecure attachments is by creating that strong mother-infant bond in the first year of life. It is crucial for potential parents to be prepared emotionally, economically, and socially for a new infant. As the acorn has the potential to become an oak with the right conditions and environment, an infant also has the potential to become a successful adult with a supportive, healthy, environment.
Family is not determined by a person's last name or blood relations. The traditional idea of a nuclear family, consisting of a husband and wife raising one or more children together, has evolved in recent years. In this modern society, not only is it common for single parents or unmarried couples to raise a family, but, gays and lesbians are also taking part of this profound trend that is re-defining what a family is as a whole. Imagine if a person's privilege or opportunity of becoming a parent was revoked; how would this impact their life? Even though homosexuals are steadily becoming more accepted and integrated into today's prevalent culture, a disunity is posed when it comes to establishing a family of their own through adoption. Homosexual couples should be granted the same rights to adopt children like heterosexual couples can. The freedom to adopt should be equal in all aspects because there are too many children in the foster care who need a loving home, it is narrow-minded to assume that heterosexuals make better parents than homosexuals, and it is prejudice to deny homosexuals the right to adopt children based on their sexuality.
Inside the chimp habitat, I noticed a sign which read: Look here for a “zoo” born! When I saw it, I recalled that earlier during the day, a senior docent named Rhonda who worked with the gorillas had told me that there was recently a newborn chimp. She said to look very closely to find the baby because the mother was extremely protective of it. She had also mentioned that the newborn’s furless skin would be very pink. At first, I looked very keenly for the small new chimp who had just been born this year, but I couldn’t find it. I finally spotted the baby after I moved to a different position to view the chimps from the open air viewing area. The infant was just as Rhonda had described it: nestled in its mother’s arms as she shielde...
Have you ever wondered what your parents look like or if they are thinking of you? Adoption can have that effect on children. What is adoption? Adoption is the process of providing parents with children and children with families when birth parents are unwilling or unable to care for their offspring. Adoption can make a child feel abandon, unloved, and have low self-esteem.
Parents have the tendency to overlook how lucky they are to have had the ability to create their own children. Many do not recognize what a true blessing it is to have kids, and that others are not fortunate enough to experience that miracle. Ten percent of couples endure infertility (Advantages) so they must consider other options. A very popular choice is adoption. It is not only a good alternative for the couple, but also for the child who needs a loving home.
Growing older and moving through the different stages of life is phenomenal. At times when I sit and think about this whole construct of life it becomes too over-whelming for my mind to contain / comprehend . The sheer process of getting older is an experience in itself. It could be compared to an ongoing experiment with the practical session being our life. Constantly testing theories and ideas we (are living) live according to the results. And as we reach conclusions based on the assessment of (our findings) results we only go on to question those results further down the line // because our mindset has shifted and the results now can be interpreted differently. (And so (life) it can feel like constant re-evaluation of the past according the person we are at any specific period in our life). I was oblivious to many things while growing up, especially regarding my parents. It's only as I've got older that I'm able to appreciate and acknowledge what they did for me. I don't believe I'm the only one in that respect. I think we're all susceptible to the condition called emotional immaturity and their friend the blindness of youth. One of the things I've realised about my parents was how pure they were in their intentions and part of that purity was their blindness to colour. I could have easily been another child writing this and that child being Black.
Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees “patrol” near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent attacks, injuries, and even deaths. Intense excitement and aggressive display can occur if the two parties of two communities encounter each other. Usually, the larger group holds its ground, and interaction between different chimpanzees communities may also lead to gang attack. Expanding the community range is necessary to their social organizations, the males cooperation can defend the territory and increase the reproductive rates of the resident females by excluding female and male competitors. Body contact is common in their social life such as grooming (1). Usually, chimpanzees groom each other as a way to show harmony and solidarity in their society (Figure 2). Grooming each other demonstrates the deep bonds and close relationship between them. In addition, they can even hug, hold hands, touch, kiss each other as a way of emotional expression (2).
Celli, Maura L., Satoshi Hirata, and Masaki Tomonaga. "Socioecological Influences On Tool Use In Captive Chimpanzees." International Journal Of Primatology25.6 (2004): 1267-1281. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.