Sonnet 18 Analysis

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This poem is all about Shakespeare writing about his beloved. There is controversy as to whether Shakespeare is addressing this poem to a man or woman - male romances were quite common during the Elizabethan Era. This sonnet starts off with what I would think is a rhetorical question: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" It is also a simile, because if you think, you are comparing the beauty with the summer's day, literally saying: "Are you as beautiful as the summer's day". The poet then goes on to say that his beloved is 'more lovely and more temperate (moderate and self-restrained)' than a summer's day. Negative things are said about summer, to contrast it with his beloved. All this relates to the beauty of his beloved male friend. For instance, "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May" means winds destroy the beautiful buds of May; "And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date" means summer is too short; "Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines" means the sun is too hot at times; "And often is his gold complexion dimmed" means and often goes behind the clouds - like you are hiding your beauty. In the Elizabethan Era, fair skin was admired. This line talks about how you could lose this attribute due to ageing. "And every fair from fair sometime declines" means everything beautiful will eventually lose its beauty and "By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d" means by old age or nature's planned course. Then on the other hand, the poet says that his beloved is not like the extreme summer days, that his youth will not fade, he will not lose the beauty he currently possesses and beauty will not die, but live forever (and that he will be immortal), at least in this poem. As long as people exist on earth, this ... ... middle of paper ... ... metaphor is in line 9: "But thy eternal summer shall not fade". First of all, we are comparing the 'eternal-ness' and the summer and second of all, the lover doesn't really own an 'immortal summer'. This sonnet uses a lot of personification. This is when you give an non-living object human traits and qualities. For example in line 5: "Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines", we say that the heaven's eye shines, but does heaven really have an eye and does it shine? No. Next example is in line 6: "And often is his gold complexion dimmed". The sun is that 'gold' thing, but does it really have a complexion? Again, no. One last example is in line 9, which maybe is not an example of personification in our sense, but it could be in the poet's sense! "But thy eternal summer shall not fade"; to the poet, summer is not eternal, but the beauty and life of his beloved is.

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