Somalia

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The country of Somalia possesses a dynamic culture. The diverse history, trends of the people, and economics of the country have gone through many changes. Today, Somalia continues to grow and adapt in the global economy.
Origin:
It is unclear exactly when people began living here but archeological studies have found cave paintings and cemeteries which place inhabitants there as early as the Paleolithic era. One cave painting in particular, said to be the oldest rock art on the African continent, is dated around 9000 BC. The people of Somalia are mainly nomadic and comprised of clans. In its early years, Muslims avoiding religious persecution settled Somalia. These groups moved from the Middle East across the Red Sea into the northern part of Somalia. The living conditions in Somalia were hard and the people adopted a nomadic lifestyle.
Other groups moved in from Kenya and moved north in search of water and grazing land. The clans would inhabit an area until the water or food ran out then they would move to a more resourceful area. Many settlements sprang up around the coast as well. These settlements were stimulated by trade with Persians and Arabs. One such settlement, Saylac, became the center of commerce in the fledgling country. Muslim culture and learning thrived in Saylac and the city soon became the capital. Many people frequented the city, especially Ethiopian expeditions. The boom in trade here evolved the city but Ethiopian attacks proved too much and the city began to crumble. Expansion of Somalia continued. Settlers moved north towards the mountains, east to the plains neighboring Ethiopia, and south to the more fertile river valleys. The Somali people use a clan type of social system. Somali comes from Samaal, ...

... middle of paper ...

...2. Despite efforts, teachers were unable to reach the majority of school-aged children. The nomadic lifestyle prevented them from staying near a school long enough to finish. The Somali National University was founded in Mogadishu in 1970. The university offered courses in agriculture, economics, education, engineering, geology, law, medicine, sciences, and veterinary science.
Unfortunately the university saw a large dropout rate. By 1990, the United Nations estimated literacy in Somalia to be 24 percent. In 1991, after the fall of Barre’s regime, schools mostly disappeared.
Education fell back on clans or communities until the Ministry of Education was established. The ministry currently oversees the entire education system in Somalia now. Increases in all levels of education have been noted due mostly to a central order of the education system.
Economy:

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