Every great civilization or country has had at least one dirty little time in their history that all would rather forget. America knows this feeling well, especially within the 19th century, the slave era. America was divided, the North was generally against slavery and all for letting the African Americans roam free in a colony in Africa. The South on the other hand viewed African Americans as tools, essential to the economy and work, however still just tools. Tools to be bought a sold and driven until the breaking point just like every other implement in the shed. Fast-forward to the 21st century, slavery is gone from America and has become that dirty period of time that is spoken about in whispers. A question of immeasurable proportions arises, how were the incredibly difficult slave owners of the South get convinced that slavery was bad? The largest answer is the power of rhetoric, otherwise known as the written word. Two books played the largest role in molding of American society, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas by none other than Frederick Douglas himself. Important stylistic and rhetorical choices made by Douglas and Stowe greatly affected change in the major political and moral issue of slavery in 19th century America in two different ways, through politics via the male society (Douglas) and through the home front via religious and moral cases made to women (Stowe). Politics is the heart of America. To enact change in a major area of the nation, the politics must be discussed to no end and one must know how to speak the words of the... ... middle of paper ... ...a subject and have created great change throughout a large nation. Rhetoric is the most powerful device of change in the world because of its worldwide recognition and ease of use. The most important and common example of this power is found in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. Important stylistic and rhetorical choices made by Douglas and Stowe greatly affected change in the major political and moral issue of slavery in 19th century America. Works Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Finw Creative Media, Inc, 2003. Harris, Susan. Kentucky University. KY. Stowe, Harriet. Uncle Tom's Cabin. New York: Penguin Group, 1998. Tompkins, Jane. "Sentimental Power: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Politics of Literary History." Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction (1985):
The Growing Opposition to Slavery 1776-1852 Many Americans’ eyes were opened in 1776, when members of the Continental Congress drafted, signed, and published the famous document “The Declaration of Independence” in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By declaring their independence, many of the colonists believed that slaves should have the same rights as the whites had. Abolition groups were formed, and the fight to end slavery began. In 1776, Delaware became the first state to prohibit the importation of African slaves. One year later, in 1777, Vermont became the first colony to abolish slavery (within Vermont’s boundaries) by state constitution.
I am going to focus on the narratives of Frederick Douglass and Linda Brent as examples of a refusal of racial ideologies and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin as an example of replicating (although attempting to refute) racial ideologies of the day. Douglass’s Narrative and Brent’s Incidents follow them from ignorance to knowledge; knowledge and freedom gained through their own doing. I think that Stowe is in a way both trying to write an anti-slavery novel, however, I can’t see her as anti-racist because Romantic Racialism is what grounds her arguments. In all three, I am going to prove that the relationship between and the representations of the body and the mind are what either refuse or support racial ideologies of the nineteenth century.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” opened the eyes of millions of people worldwide. The book portrayed the brutal life of the black slaves. It went on to sell millions of copies and was given the title “The Greatest Book of the Age”. (pg. 616) It is had been commented that this book had helped “lay the groundwork for the Civil War”, according to Will Kaufman, and is widely regarded to one of the reasons of the Civil War. Langston Hughes refers to this book as a "moral battle cry for freedom." The characters in her book debated the causes of slavery, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the future of freed persons, individualism and racism. The Civil War arose from a combination of causes counting regional conflicts between the Southern and Northern states, economic forces, and humanitarian concerns for the welfare of enslaved people. The four year war opposed one section of the country against each other and nearly rescinded the United States of America. It is no wonder why when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe, he responded that she was “the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war” and I would agree with that statement of his. Whether this is true or not, the gush highlights the public linking between Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Civil War.
The debate raging in the years 1836-1837 over women's proper duties and roles in regards to abolitionism was publicly shaped primarily by two opposing forces: on the one hand, sisters Angelina and Sarah Grimke, abolitionists and champions of women's rights; and on the other, Catharine Beecher, who opposed suffrage and women's involvement in abolitionism and argued in favor of woman's place in the home. After the printing of Angelina Grimké's pamphlet Appeal to the Christian Women of the Southern States (1836), Grimké and Catharine Beecher engaged in a written debate over woman's public role in regards to the slavery issue. Beecher responded to Grimké's assertions that Southern women should actively protest the system of slavery in her Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism (1837), in which she claimed that women, true to their naturally subordinate natures, were not fit to interfere in such matters. In light of these facts, it is surprising to note that Harriet Beecher Stowe was Catherine Beecher's sister. How could the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin be related to the same woman who wrote Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism-- an anti-abolitionist document which pleaded with women to keep their thoughts on slavery to themselves? In Uncle Tom's Cabin, Stowe not only frames both sides of the debate, but also actively incorporates it into her female characters and into her narrative voice, fictitiously dramatizing the issues with which Grimké and Beecher were concerned fifteen years earlier.
When a book uses the "N-word" 213 times (Carey-Webb 24) and portrays the African American characters as inferior to their white counterparts, it becomes easy to assume that the book’s author Mark Twain is using this novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, as a form of racist propaganda to display upon America in the late 19th century post-Civil War Era. By the late 19th century slavery had finally ended across the United States, but racial tension, discord and discrimination were still very much at large. For those opposed to slavery in its original iteration, and, therefore, opposed to its continuation in this form, the only thing left to do was to continue fighting the battle for equality and rights in any way they knew how.
South University Online. (2013). POL2076: American Government: Week 4: People and Politics—Interest Groups. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com
Analyzing the narrative of Harriet Jacobs through the lens of The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du bois provides an insight into two periods of 19th century American history--the peak of slavery in the South and Reconstruction--and how the former influenced the attitudes present in the latter. The Reconstruction period features Negro men and women desperately trying to distance themselves from a past of brutal hardships that tainted their souls and livelihoods. W.E.B. Du bois addresses the black man 's hesitating, powerless, and self-deprecating nature and the narrative of Harriet Jacobs demonstrates that the institution of slavery was instrumental in fostering this attitude.
When one thinks of slavery, they may consider chains holding captives, beaten into submission, and forced to work indefinitely for no money. The other thing that often comes to mind? Stereotypical African slaves, shipped to America in the seventeenth century. The kind of slavery that was outlawed by the 18th amendment, nearly a century and a half ago. As author of Modern Slavery: The Secret World of 27 Million People, Kevin Bales, states, the stereotypes surrounding slavery often confuse and blur the reality of slavery. Although slavery surely consists of physical chains, beatings, and forced labor, there is much more depth to the issue, making slavery much more complex today than ever before.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. Yet, while Douglas’s narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. Aside from all the physical burdens of slavery that he faced on a daily basis, it was the psychological effects that caused him the greatest amount of detriment during his twenty-year enslavement. In the same regard, Douglass is able to profess that it was not only the slaves who incurred the damaging effects of slavery, but also the slaveholders. Slavery, in essence, is a destructive force that collectively corrupts the minds of slaveholders and weakens slaves’ intellects.
The Peculiar Institution of the South, or in other words slavery, is forever ingrained in the history books of the United States. It would not have been possible for the dissolution of the malevolent treatment of African Americans, without the help of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). Stowe, while not directly associated with any abolitionist group, is credited for the overwhelming support gained by the Abolitionist movement: leading to the 13th amendment and the freedom of all slaves. Her narrative put in the forefront of many American minds, the question of slavery’s justness. Stowe wrote the narrative in direct response to her son Charley’s death; after which, she began to sympathize with slave mothers who had also lost their children. Many argue that Stowe’s masterpiece was ahead of its time. It is argued that she employed emotional intelligence as a means of connecting Americans across the country. The purpose of this essay is to discuss Harriet Beecher Stowe’s illustration of the
This being said, when we discuss the history of slavery in this country we often use very broad and generalized discussions. Reading and studying slave narratives gives us an interesting look into the lives of the people that were actually out there in the fields. As historical documents, slave narratives account the transformation of white supremacy in the South from slavery in the 1800s through segregation all the way up until the 1960s. These narratives give voice to generations of black people who, despite the fact that they were not always given the respect they deserved in the literary world, still found a way to leave its own immense legacy in the United States. Likely to focus mainly on eye-witness interpretations of slavery, many
It is clear that Uncle Tom’s Cabin is an anti-slavery novel. Yet, Stowe endows her novel with a deeper interpretation through showing the incompatibility of slavery and Christian ethics. The novel questions the laws that protected slavery, as well as advocates the importance of freedom to all people. In order to achieve the purpose of persuading readers that slavery is evil and un-Christian, Stowe employs several approaches.
From the early 1830’s until the end of the Civil War in 1865, African American writers were able to publish literature that positively impacted many Americans’ viewpoint regarding slavery. Many people believe that these writings were the main impetus behind the movement to abolish slavery. During this time the slave narrative evolved, becoming an important voice for not only the slaves themselves, but also for the entire abolitionist movement.
In this book, one is given insights on the ideals of society, different beliefs, the origins of stereotypes, and so much more. The book can be seen as a peek into forgotten history, containing facts about how people lived in the 1840 that most people do not know about. Though it is agreed that the novel contains way too much racism and offensive language, such aspects of American history should not be hidden. Whether people want to believe it or not, the 1840s was a racist era in history when racism was accepted. Mark Twain was an abolitionist, but even he was imperfect. He lived as a white male in the 1800s after all, but he was active against the establishments of slavery. He wrote his book to teach others, like HNHS students about the reality of slavery and
Charles Dudley Warner in The Story of Uncle Tom 's Cabin, refers to the question that many modern day critics and scholars ask about the novel’s tremendous success, “Was this only an "event," the advent of a new force in politics; was the book merely an abolition pamphlet, or was it a novel, one of the few great masterpieces of fiction that the world has produced” (311)? Looking back we can see that Uncle Tom’s Cabin wasn’t simply an “event” or political pamphlet, but a full-scale and highly successful literary attack on the evils of slavery that trumped even the power and influence of the politicians and government of the time. It is well-known that Abraham Lincoln even greeted Stowe in 1862 as ‘the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war’, referring to the Civil War, which ended the institution of slavery in the United States. But, Stowe did not write her novel simply for political reasons. As Tompkins explains, Stowe wrote her novel as a tool to turn the world from the rule of force to the rule of “Christian love”, and to bring about the “institution of the kingdom of heaven on earth” (141). This is what the everyday American of Stowe’s time could connect with, instead of just a political plea, but is also what causes