Skin histology
Skin is considered one of the most important parts of the body with a surface area is 2m2. The main roles of the skin are to protect the body against environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, pollutants, bacteria, dehydration, regulate temperature, feel the impacts on the skin, participate in the secretion process. Skin thickness varies according to age, gender and particular area of the body. The skin consists of three main layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous. Each layer has its own function and structure, all linked together to create a healthy skin.
The epidermis layer is about 0.2 mm thick, with different thicknesses each region. Thickest on the soles of the feet and thinnest in the area around the eyes. The epidermis is divided into 4 layers from the bottom are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. For the hand palms and the foot soles, between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum also has a transparent layer called stratum lucidum.
Stratum Basale is the bottom layer of the epidermis, directly adjacent to the
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In this layer, there are Natural Moisturising Factors and Ceramide Fats, which function as a barrier to keep moisture as well as prevent the invasion of bacteria into the body.
Skin regeneration from the basal layer to the skin surface is called the keratinisation process (or turnover process). Basale produces new cells that move upwards into the upper layers, to the top and shed off. This process usually takes about 28 days (in which the cells move from the bottom to the top takes about 14 days and takes another 14 days to shed off the skin), the older, the slower turnover. Over time, the skin of the elderly become thick and wrinkled. The baby’s skin regeneration is fast and continuous, it explains that why baby skin is always smooth and
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
When microdermabrasion removes the outer layer of skin the body then goes into a healing mode that promotes the making of new healthier cells. Microdermabrasion is like when one sustains an injury to his skin and the body sends treatment molecules to heal the damage. Mariane Fernandes conducted an experiment with the aim to evaluate the effects of microdermabrasion on skin rejuvenation. Fernandes stated in her article “Effects of microdermabrasion on skin rejuvenation” in the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy that “Microdermabrasion treatment promoted skin rejuvenation through an increase in skin thickness due to an increase in epidermal thickness and collagen organization” (Fernandes 26). Acne weakens and thins the skin epidermal layers, causing acne scars. Microdermabrasion heals the weak, thin, and fragile skin, which makes the skin smooth and more resistant to other damaging conditions. Doctor Bruce M. Freedman an aesthetic plastic surgeon and assistant professor of plastic surgery at Georgetown University also analyzed the dermatological changes associated with microdermabrasion in “Clinical and histologic changes determine optimal treatment regimens for microdermabrasion” in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment. Freedman’s experiment also yielded results of an increase of epidermal thickness
The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body, and it defends the body from “foreign invaders.” Immunity can be divided in two three different defenses, and these are defined as first, second and third lines of defense. The first line of defense for the immune system is the primary defense against pathogens entering the body from the surface in order to prevent the start of disease and infection. Some examples of the first line of defense is the skin, protecting the external boundaries of the body, and the mucous membranes, protecting the internal boundaries of the body. Although the skin and mucous membranes work on the internal and external boundaries, they both release chemicals
The pancreas can be divided into two sections when studying the histology. The pancreas has exocrine and endocrine functions, each with unique cell types. The exocrine pancreas serves to secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Some of the specific enzymes and secreted substances are Proteases, lipase, amylase, bicarbonate, and water (Bowen, “Exocrine Secretions”). These enzymes are used to break down protein, fat, and carbohydrates respectively. The bicarbonate simply act as an acid buffer to prevent damage of the small intestine as the stomach acid must be neutralized. The enzymes are created in acinar cells and the bicarbonate is synthesized in epithelial cells surrounding pancreatic ducts (Bowen “Exocrine
Cancer has been an active concern in our society for the past couple decades, since we truly discovered the nature of cancer and the potency it brings along with it. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that scientists were beginning to truly understand the origin of cancer. Scientists dating back all the way to the Renaissance, when they first began performing autopsies to learn more about the human body and form, noticed abnormalities but it never clicked that it was something much worse than it seemed. Research has continued since then, and it has continued to thrive even to this day. When James Watson and Francis Crick discovered DNA and it’s chemical structure in 1962, it opened up doors that even they could not expect. With the understanding of DNA and how it affected the way we look at life, came the beginning of the understanding of mutated DNA (which is a cause of the growth of cancerous cells). In this past century, researching scientists discovered that cancer is linked with the DNA that resides in a cell’s nucleus. By ways of damage to the cells via chemicals or radiation, or even introduction of a new DNA, the cancerous cells begin to form and duplicate. We are learning more and more about cancer and how to fight it, but we still have much more to learn.
Our skin functions as a daily defense for our bodies against disease because of skin and mucous membranes. The skin is a massive organ and it protects everything inside our bodies such as our muscles, bones and organs. Our skin protects us from bacteria, parasites, viruses and pathogens ...
The skin is the largest organ in the body, covering the bones and internal organs, protecting them from injuries, it serves as a barrier to germs, and bacteria and helps to prevent fluid loss. The skin helps to control the body’s temperature and also aids in removing certain body wastes, therefore making it a vital organ just as any other organ such as the heart or brain.
The second layer of the skin is called the dermis and is also known as the middle layer. The dermis is what holds the body together. The dermis has layers to it as well as the epidermis. There are two layers to the dermis, the papillary layer and the reticular layer. The cells of the dermis are fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and scattered white blood cells (wbc’s). the dermis is richly supplied with nerve fibers and BV;s. dermal BV’s is also a part of the integumentary system, dermal BV,s have converging and diverging vessels that ar...
The epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin, is made up of four to five layers in some parts (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2009). In the majority of the areas, just four layers can be differentiated: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum (p.119). Another layer is the stratum lucidum which can be found in the thicker part of the skin of the palms and ...
Most parents remembered hearing about the importance of protecting their children from the sun, yet children are still playing in the sun without sunscreen or protective clothing. Many people these days are not taking skin cancer seriously after knowing its significance. Skin cancer has been a growing problem in the United States and millions of people have suffered from it every year. The three most common skin cancers are Melanoma, Basal cell, and Squamous cell, which can cause bumps, sores, growths, etc. Skin cancer is a deadly disease with many causes, but the advantage is that it can be prevented.
The epidermis and dermis are tissue layers that make up the skin (integument) covering the body. The layers (strata) of the epidermis range from four to five, depending on where they are on the body; and are classified into two types of skin: thin skin and thick skin. Most of the body is covered in thin skin, which has four layers. Areas of the body that are heavily exposed to stress and pressure (palm of hand and sole of feet) are covered in five layered thick skin. Thin skin has the following
The first layer, the epidermis, contains keratin which is a water proof protein. This makes the body water proof and keeps water from entering the body. This layer also consist of two specialized cells, langerhans cells and melanocytes. Langerhans cells are macrophages which is a white blood cell that phagocytize infectious agents. They then travel to lymphatic organs. Melanocytes lye deep in the epidermis, and produces melanin. This is the main pigment for skin color. The second layer, the dermis, is a fibrous connective tissue. It is made up of dense fibrous connective tissue and consist of collagen and elastic fibers. The purpose of the collagen fibers are to allow stretching to prevent tearing of the skin; unlike the elastic fibers which only allows for normal tension for stretching, allowing movement of muscles and joints. As we age, the fibers become weaker causing the skin to wrinkle. The blood vessels in the dermis help
In its own way, it enhances the penetration of your toner, moisturizer and hyaluronic acid by sloughing off the dry, aged and dead skin cells on the surface.
Histopathology and molecular pathology both fall within the medical science branch of pathology where the primary concern is the examination of tissues, body fluids, and organs to aid in the diagnosis of diseases.
The skin has 3 main function. It has to regulate body temperature, remove waste (perspiration), and protect. The skin is made up of 3 layers. The epidermis is the outer thinner layer of the skin that is made up of dead and living cells. The dermis is the thicker middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels and nerves. Sweat glands are found in the dermis, they secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface. To avoid problems like warts, boils, moles, acne, and sunburn you can wash your body daily, wear sunscreen that is 15 or higher, and check your body often...