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Struggles of sierra leone
Neo colonialism in Sierra Leone
Colonialism as cause of the war in Sierra Leone
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Sierra Leone was built as a colony for freed slaves of the British Empire. London’s black poor, Jamaican Maroons, and black Nova Scotians were all sent to Sierra Leone in an attempt to establish it as a place for the black ex-slaves to be freed from British rule. However, poverty and racism still prospered in Sierra Leone. Even though the reason for the foundation of Sierra Leone was based on the reconciliation between white philanthropist and the black poor, the colony still reinforced racial disparities and did more harm than good.
Jamaican Maroons and black loyalists were all congregated in Nova Scotia by the British Empire. The black loyalists were promised land if they fought for British rule in the American colonies. This promise was kept by the British Empire, but the loyalists were given
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False advertisements lured the black poor to Sierra Leone and the conditions of the ships that they traveled on were very bad. In London, the deportation of the black poor back to Africa served as a mean to solve the problem of black poverty in Great Britain. Rather than fixing the problem at home, the black poor were simply sent to Sierra Leone. Additionally, white prostitutes were sent to live in Sierra Leone, putting the black poor on the same socioeconomic platform as prostitutes. The evangelical Church of England wanted to integrate European culture and Christianity into African and Indian culture in order to make them “civil.” This, just like the white man’s burden, served as a justification for the settlement of lands that weren’t theirs. Sierra Leone would serve as a model for the assimilation of European culture into non-Western places. Granville Sharp, who had previously supported James Somerset’s case to free the black slaves, obtained a grant from Britain to send 400 settlers, both black and white, to a theoretically self-governing colony of Sierra
One of the major questions asked about the slave trade is ‘how could so Europeans enslave so many millions of Africans?” Many documents exist and show historians what the slave trade was like. We use these stories to piece together what it must have been to be a slave or a slaver. John Barbot told the story of the slave trade from the perspective of a slaver in his “A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea.” Barbot describes the life of African slaves before they entered the slave trade.
Gregory Wigmore tends to focus on the narrative of how, despite the British Empire having legally banned slavery or being on the cusp of banning slavery, that Canadian judges by and large were hesitant and uneducated on the fact that they were supposed to stop the creation of new slaves, and to curb the sales of slaves in general. A strong message that can be felt throughout his writing, is that before Canada received its reputation for being a safe haven for slaves, it often failed to protect run away slaves from America as well as freed black people from their former masters or from being forcefully re-entered into slavery again. He suggests that due to the fact that both America and Canada had ideologically opposed interpretations of property laws, border sovereignty and duties to each other; that new legislature which was created by either one of the nations influenced the other to take it one step further. This catch up race eventually ended up weakening the slave system in Canada to the point where many slaves escaped to America for a chance at free life; as America felt no obligation to return slaves or military deserters to Canadian officials. This was a two-way street however, as America adopted this attitude to absconded
James Walker’s The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783-1870 is a comprehensive study of black loyalists as a unique community in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone. Part of Walker’s book is in direct relation and defense of the work Christopher Fyfe had done previously, History of Sierra Leone. Walker’s view on the subject is, even though Sierra Leone is such a small area comparatively to the rest of Africa, important developments and significant trends developed in Sierra Leone and Nova Scotia that are worth examining. The main topic that he looks at is Black Loyalists and the effects they have had on history. Through the book Walker uses Fyfe’s contributions to the study of Sierra Leone and is arguing that it is important for us to look at and to expand on it back to Nova Scotia. The most significant reason walker wants more attention to be draw to the development of the Black Loyalists community is that they had influenced other societies to a good extent. Contributions to other groups of people have been deemed important, but walker feels that an understanding of the development of the Black Loyalists is lacking. This book is slightly older, being written in 1976, a while before Atlantic studies had been developed as a way of looking at history.
The French colonized the region of Acadia, which is now Nova Scotia, and the Acadians were the French colonists who lived in the area. However, there were also English colonists in the area and the groups didn’t get along well. The French lost Nova Scotia to the British in a war which led to the Treaty of Utrecht (signed in 1713) which formally named Acadia as a British territory (Dormon, 39). The treaty forced the Acadians to swear an oath of allegiance to the British crown which they refused because this would require them to renounce their Catholic religion for that of the Anglican church, because of this the likelihood of another war with the French was high. The Acadians refusal to swear an oath to the British caused the British to order a deportation of the Acadians who then fled with whatever they could carry.
During this time it was vital that countries expand their borders and trading. The tropics were considered a region where white men could not inhabit for long, as Kidd wrote in “The white man’s burden”. Although Canada’s anticipating success was based as much on it’s recent developments within their borders as it was based on their geographical location. Canada’s northern geography was viewed as being a positive attribute to governing these colonies based on their racial characteristics. Hasting’s explains how Canada geographical location and racial characteristics were interrelated and associated with “energy, strength, self reliance, health, and purity”(10). This idea of geographical location and racial characteristics were evident on the views of the West Indies. It explains why it was believed that regions in the tropics could not be developed successfully unless it was controlled by the white race or
Opala, Joseph. “Bance Island in Sierra Leone.” The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection. http://www.yale.edu/glc/gullah/03.htm.
Although most of the inhabitants of Nova Scotia were New Englanders, they refused to join the Thirteen Colonies in 1775 and 1776 in an attempt to break connections with the British. They did not want to break the precedence the British left; they would instead trail a policy of neutrality. Ironically, it was the same neutrality in which the Acadians believed in; the same one the New Englanders looked down upon in the first place. With the settlement of the New Englanders in Nova Scotia, one question was meant to be answered: Why did Nova Scotia not join the Thirteen Colonies in attempt to break ties with the British in 1775 and 1776? The article discusses three theories that were created to answer the question.
"Sierra Leone." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2013): 1-3. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 November 2013.
According to the novel, “The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection” by Joseph A. Opala, the Gullah is still predominantly present in South Carolina and Georgia. Many Gullah have broken away from isolation and have left their rural lives for more modernized lives. Younger generations of the Gullah are seeking higher education and high-paying jobs. Most parts of the Gullah cities have been technologically updated including the use of television, telephones, bridges, better roads and ferries. While many of their older customs are not practiced, the Gullah still celebrates their culture.
The first Africans landed in Jamestown, in Virginia in the year 1619. Having them appeared as an indentured servants, there was an institution that allows the black for hereditary lifetime service. From there, transportation of slaves from Africa to the West Indies became rampant. During this time, there were no rules applied for the slaves. The only rule is that restricting all the rights of the servants. (Davis, 79) Because of the ongoing scenario, the British America recog...
The most immediate and unfortunate result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade was the direct impact it had on individuals in African societies. Men, women, and children were being kidnapped or sentenced to slavery, which broke apart families and ruined people’s lives. Through primary documents, historians are able to interpret the despondent, firsthand accounts of those whose lives were forever altered by the slave trade. Historians look past the possibly subjective account in order to figure out what life was like. In Africa and the West: A Documentary History, the authors present a story told by Olaudah Equiano. In the 1750s, he and his sister were kidnapped from eastern Nigeria and separated; eventually he was sold into slavery. In
Liberia, located in the west part of Africa, was a settlement to native Africans in the 1800’s would eventually stablish a settlement consisting of thousands of individuals, freed or non-slaves. This was an attempt of resolving the moral issue of enslavement by colonizing Liberia with freed, or ex-slaves. Not only were freed black men transported across the Atlantic, but women as well. No provisions had been made to ensure equality as a foundation to colonize which causes the issues misogyny and with the lack of historical content of women in Liberia the need for further analysis it is noted that women were hardly acknowledged and only seen as an object in creating a bigger population needed
Poverty. Imagine living on less than 2 dollars a day, having little to no education, being sick with diseases like cholera and HIV/AIDS, or having poor living conditions (Berrebi, D). Well, about 17,663,800 Kenyans live this nightmare according to a 2012 CIA study. Kenya, ranked the 39th poorest country in the world on a report by Global Finance Magazine, and countries like the U.S. along with organizations like The Borgen Project, and The Hunger Project are providing aid to help with reducing the number of people in poverty. The international aid to Kenya has reduced the number of people under that $2 threshold, but there have been negative impacts on the economy and financial corruption gets in the way of effective aid.
Fredrick Douglass said, “The white man 's happiness cannot be purchased by the black man 's misery.” Douglass provides an intriguing perspective, people of color become agents of production. The dehumanization of their bodies creates a machine used for European’s takings. These machines are then programed to believe they need the colonizer for upgrades (industrialization), and instead are left with unforeseeable problems (poverty). The system of Colonization relies on people of color to cooperate in order for it to succeed. While the exploitation of Colored spaces relies heavily on the notion of inferiority. Power becomes a detrimental force that jeopardizes the colonizer (Europeans) and the colonized (West Africans) by capitalizing culture,
There are a lot of causes of the scramble for Africa, and one of them was to ‘liberate’ the slaves in Africa after the slave trade ended. The slave trade was a time during the age of colonization when the Europeans, American and African traded with each oth...