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Social construct of gender
Social construct of gender
Roles of women during the Victorian era
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"Nature intended women be our slaves. They are our property" - Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769 -1821 . Napoleon, Emperor of the French, lived to say this before the Victorian era had even begun, showing that sexism was already part of social life. In Victorian Britain, sexism had turned into culture; women would be expected to be mothers, work in the home and be quiet and "feminine" . This concept of an ideal women was strict, and women who didn't act "like a woman" would be punished and put in an asylum for the mad. And in the asylum also, women were treated unfairly compared to the men of the mad asylum. Doctors understood the health and illness of their female patients through established Victorian social customs. Thus, the treatment of unmarried mothers, lesbians and difficult wives reveals the ways in which mad doctors based their medical treatments on restoring the …show more content…
The thought of unmarried women was a dreadful concept, and when Charles Dickens introduced Oliver Twist's mother as being unmarried in the book Oliver Twist, readers were astounded. Being an unmarried women was a shameful idea and women in the Victorian era avoided this. This concept of being an unmarried mother was very unethical because it wasn't shameful for a father to be unmarried. Furthermore, being a unmarried mother meant that you would need a job to pay for your child, and a female's pay in the Victorian era was nearly half as much as a male would get . In asylums, if you were an unmarried mother, you would be classified as having hysteria. The treatment an unmarried mother would get is to find a husband. This is intensely biased as a male wouldn't need to go to an asylum for being unmarried. In modern times, being an unmarried mother would be considered normal, thus the fact that unmarried mothers would have to get treatment is directly connected to Victorian social belief and not to mental
Upon hearing the term, “The Victorian Woman,” it is likely that one’s mind conjures up an image of a good and virtuous woman whose life revolved around the domestic sphere of the home and family, and who demonstrated a complete devotion to impeccable etiquette as well as to a strong moral system. It is certainly true that during Victorian England the ideal female was invested in her role as a wife and a mother, and demonstrated moral stability and asexuality with an influence that acted as her family’s shield to the intrusions of industrial life. Yet despite the prevalence of such upstanding women in society, needless to say not all women lived up to such a high level of moral aptitude. Thus, we must beg the question, what became of the women who fell far short from such a standard? What became of the women who fell from this pedestal of the ideal Victorian woman, and by way of drunkenness, criminality, or misconduct became the negation of this Victorian ideal of femininity?
In order to discuss the question of Lady Audley's madness, we must first understand the Victorian ideas and beliefs regarding insanity. Insanity was believed more common among women than among men and doctors and psychiatrists debated the reason for this. A common view was that women were more vulnerable to insanity than men because of the "instability of their reproductive system" (Showalter, p 55), which interfered with their emotional control. That female insanity was linked with the biological crises of the female life cycle - puberty, pregnancy, childbirth and menopause - during which the female mind was weakened and the symptoms of insanity could emerge, was a common belief (Showalter, p 55). It should be noted that the medical professions were strictly for men and no doubt were all these theories made up by men, with little experience of menstruation, pregnancy or menopause.
Victorian attitudes to the poor were very negative to the “undeserving poor” (which meant the poor that were just ‘lazy’ or were thieves ect). The New poor law stated that “no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhous... ... middle of paper ... ... ation on how to write the essay. · Gave information on the Asylum itself · Gave the coursework booklet which included sources.
Reagin, Nancy. “Historical Analysis: Women as ‘the Sex’ During the Victorian Era.” Victorian Women: The Gender of Oppression. Pace University, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
The Victorian era brought about many changes and the introduction of new things. One issue that stood out was “The Sex.” Many things evolved around this issue like changes in laws all over, it became a topic for literary poets/ writers and also for the woman question. This term means discrimination based on a person’s sex and during the 19th century this was a vast issue toward women. This all Started from the early Victorian era with queen victoria, who was the monarch of the united kingdom of Great Britain from 1837- 1901. Being the queen she played a very substantial role during this time. As a wife she showed a domestic side. She supported Prince Albert, had his children, became very submissive and devoted to her husband a family. This image she portrayed became a trend to the outside world. Most people looked at this as what the ideal woman was during this era.
Scull, Andrew. “The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.” In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull, 5-35. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.
Dwyer, Ellen. Homes for the Mad: Life Inside Two Nineteenth Century Asylums. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick: 1987.
Diane Gray made her views on early treatment in insane asylums clear: “Another early treatment was the branding of a patient's head with a red-hot iron to ‘bring the animal to his senses’. An English treatment of the earlier nineteenth century involved using a rotating device i...
Most of the current social work clients and workers are women. This gender is also over-represented among women, which implies that women continue to face considerable issues in the modern society despite the changes in the traditional role of men and women in the society. Social welfare policy are usually developed and implemented to confront various issues in the society including the plight of women. However, recent statistics demonstrate that social welfare policy does not always meet women’s needs effectively. This is regardless of the fact that sexism and heterosexism play a crucial role is shaping social welfare policy. Therefore, it is important to develop effective social welfare policy
This was a vast problem for all females of this time, because even their body, technically, was not owned by them. In an article adopted by the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York it declares, “the act of marriage either ended a woman’s independent existence or transferred control of her life from her father to her husband” (Property Act of 1848). It was commonplace for women to be treated as if they were property and not as human beings. They did not have the rights to their inheritances. Anything left to a woman went straight to the husband, leaving the wife with no control over how it was used or spent. Due to this fact, the value of a soon-to-be bride was often determined by their likelihood to inherit significant property from their fathers. Also, even a married woman was not able to own here own land. Any acquisition of property had to be placed under the husband’s name, leaving women unable to purchase land without their husband being present to provide his signature. Women of this time were not able to sign any contracts without the presence of their husband. A girl pretty much signed her life away as soon as she got married. During the 1800’s, it was seldom acceptable for a woman to get a divorce. Should a woman have run away from an unhappy or abusive marriage, they were captured by the law and punished. It was not until 1891 that they stopped capturing and punishing women for fleeing. If a woman did work while she was married, she was forbidden to keep her income. Should a widow inherit the dower rights of their husband in the absence of a will, they were not even allowed to control the assets. Very few females were anything more than housewives and mothers. They were not encouraged to acquire a degree or seek professional
Women were expected to set the example for their children, satisfy the needs of their husbands, and it was unheard of for women to express their sexual desires. During this time women were placed into two categories, they were either virgins or married, any woman who did not fit into either of these categories was considered a whore and this meant she was essentially useless. “If a woman went into a hansom alone with a man who was neither her father, nor her husband […] her reputation was irretrievably lost” (Swisher, 181). This shows that even though people did not know the whole story, they judged others by the appearance of things. Most of the Victorian culture was centered on these things that women were expected to do or not to be seen doing. Scientists believed that men were the active ones who were supposed to use all of their energy, while women were sedentary and were supposed to conserve energy. “According to Wollsto...
Throughout time women have been written as the lesser sex weaker, secondary characters. They are portrayed as dumb, stupid, and nothing more that their fading beauty. They are written as if they need to be saved or helped because they cannot help themselves. Women, such as Daisy Buchanan who believes all a women can be is a “beautiful little fool”, Mrs Mallard who quite died when she lost her freedom from her husband, Eliza Perkins who rights the main character a woman who is a mental health patient who happens to be a woman being locked up by her husband, and then Carlos Andres Gomez who recognizes the sexism problem and wants to change it. Women in The Great Gatsby, “The Story of an Hour,” “The Yellow Wall Paper” and the poem “When” are
Not only was the fact that women were viewed as second-class citizens and had limited rights compared to men during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a major problem, but women were also held to a much different standard, and expected to carry out many responsibilities that they might not have chosen for themselves. Most women were expected to get married because society during these time periods made it almost impossible for women to make a living solely on their own, so the need for a husband was necessary. In addition to being predestined to be married, a woman in the Victorian era was to be a virgin, and remain free from the thought of love or sexuality until she was married. Though most women were expected to marry, those of a certain age were expected to remain unmarried spinsters. Women turning to prostitution were not a rarity during this time period; it was legal, and seemed to be the only economic option for some women.
There was an inborn sense of subordination of women throughout the Victorian era, and rather significant similarities between housewife and servant. This idea that women were not seen as an equal towards men can be traced back to the Victorian English natural hierarchy. It was their belief that those had to serve and owed much to the people superior to them, i.e. kings to gods, lords to kings, and servant to master, ect. (Davidoff, 408). To be born a woman, was to be under complete control of her husband, much like to be born a slave confined to their masters’ demands and wishes (Davidoff, 408). The difference between wife and slave was Victorian England’s social concepts of servitude. Women moved from paternal control in their private home, into a lifetime of servitude of their husband’s home, therefore; women knew their duties were fo...
Throughout the early 1800s, British women most often were relegated to a subordinate role in society by their institutionalized obligations, laws, and the more powerfully entrenched males. In that time, a young woman’s role was close to a life of servitude and slavery. Women were often controlled by the men in their lives, whether it was a father, brother or the eventual husband. Marriage during this time was often a gamble; one could either be in it for the right reasons, such as love, or for the wrong reasons, such as advancing social status. In 19th century Britain, laws were enacted to further suppress women and reflected the societal belief that women were supposed to do two things: marry and have children. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen portrayed a women’s struggle within a society that stresses the importance of marriage and strict behavioral customs. As evidenced by the Bennett daughters: Elizabeth and Jane, as well as Charlotte Collins, marriage for young women was a pursuit that dominated their lives.