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Ethical issues with artificial insemination
Ethical issues with artificial insemination
Argument bioethics on artificial insemination
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It is inherently unethical for parents to choose gender of their babies by using technology. Fairness and beneficence are the principles of ethics. Selecting the gender of a child before birth can be considered a sexual discrimination and prejudice. Gender preference is not rational, since any claim that is made for the parents' preference for one sex can be demonstrated to be provided also by the other sex. The parents who desire to choose the sex of their child might be motivated by discrimination attitudes toward a particular gender. Sex selection is a violation of ethical principles of fairness and beneficence, and it is unethical.
IVF are designed to stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs rather than the usual single egg as in a natural cycle. Multiple eggs increase the potential availability of multiple embryos for transfer and ultimately increase the probability of conception. The most healthy ones are chosen for implantation while the others are frozen for possible later use, or destroyed outright. Biologically, a human embryo is a living human being at its earliest stage of development. If the couples do not really need IVF to create a life, the destruction of embryos in the
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Women who carry multiples are at the risk for hypertension, gestational diabetes, and heart stress. The mother may be more likely to need caesarean sections, which may require a longer period of recovery and at times can increase the risk of hemorrhage during and after delivery. The twins or triplets are more likely born prematurely. These babies are thus at greater risk for low birth weight, mental and physical handicaps, and even death. In addition, the cost of hospitalization and caring for twins or triplets are much higher than the cost for a single child. The future special education needs, chronic illnesses, family support services, and other expenses should be also
Twenty years ago, twin births were radically lower, with twins being more frequent than other multiple births. With technology becoming more advanced and people who normally have problems becoming pregnant can use in vitro fertilization, people delaying motherhood, and survival rate increasing; having twin children is not as rare as it was thought to be in the past. Twin birth rates have increased 42% from 1980 to 1994 (Lytton, Singh, & Gallagher, 1995).
A gynaecologist can easily perform an ultrasound and tell parents what gender to expect their child to be. Reasonably, parents have the choice to learn the gender or to keep it a surprise. However, For parents to know they are expecting a daughter by chance or for them to choose that they want a daughter are two different cases. There are a variety of methods that allow parents to choose the gender of their child. In some cases, there may be fear of passing down a sex-linked genetic disease and so a certain gender may be preferred to protect the child’s health. However, a contentious issue is whether or not gender selection for non-medical reasons is ethically defensible. There are three positions that one could take: gender selection can never, sometimes, or always be ethically defended. In this paper, I intend to argue that gender selection is always permissible.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help those who want children but struggle with infertility. The process consists of extracting eggs from a woman and collecting a man’s sperm sample then manually combining them in a lab dish. Once the embryo(s) are created they are transferred to a woman’s uterus. IVF is commonly used in woman who cannot conceive on their own due to different reasonings. “These include but are not limited to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, woman with ovulation disorders, genetic disorders, woman who have had their fallopian tubes removed and unexplained infertility.” (American Pregnancy)
...ce and male to female ratio. G.I Serour states: “It is argued that gender selection for nonmedical reasons will reinforce this male preference pattern, lead to a serious distortion of the sex ratio, identify gender as a reason to value one person over another, or contribute to society's gender stereotyping.” (Transcultural Issues In Gender Selection). In conclusion many of the signs point to the idea and practice of gender selection being unethical and an immoral concept. Selecting the gender of your child for nonmedical reasons before it naturally happens is unethical and also unsafe. Introducing destructive processes and tools into the body is bad enough on its own but using them while a baby is developing is absolutely absurd. Babies should have the opportunity to naturally develop into what they were meant to be, not what their parents would prefer them to be.
now possible to select the sex of a child before it is born but this
In Vitro Fertilization is one of the assisted reproductive technologies. Technically, It is not a technology. It is the procedure to help people who couldn’t have a child due to several reasons. The main reason why couples couldn’t produce a child is due to infertility. Infertility of humans is already common thing. Based on the research from the world health organization in 2010, 48.5 million couples couldn’t have a child due to infertility. This is a very large number and it is in need for a solution. Therefore, IVF have been the solution for those people. It is now the major treatment to treat infertility for humans. However, IVF is not only spreading positive image to the society. IVF also created some controversy with some group of people and it is regarding the
Ever since the day scientists and doctors discovered infertility existed they have been trying to find cures, or new methods, to work around this disability. The freezing of gametes and embryos just happens to be the new cure people are turning to. Sometimes couples’ egg and sperm won’t mesh together. The couple then turns to in-vitro fertilization and creates about 10 embryos. 3 out of the 10 embryos are inserted back into the woman’s uterus hoping that at least one would take. Now the question is what happens to the 7 embryos that are left? This is when couples usually turn to the freezing method. Before the freezing method existed the doctors would just create about 5 embryos and insert all of them into the uterus, which usually resulted in multiple births. If none of the embryos took the couple would spend around another $10,000 to do the process all over again. Once the freezing method came into play couples then froze the extra embryos for later use instead of doing the process of making the embryos again.
In Vitro Fertilization is the process where eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries and mixed with a man’s sperm in a laboratory culture dish, where fertilization will take place. (Baby Centre “In vitro fertilization”). This assistive reproductive technology was developed in 1977, by Dr. Robert Edwards, and Gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe. Subsequently, the first baby conceived through IVF (in vitro fertilization), known as a test tube baby, was born on July 25, 1978, in England and was named Louise Brown. While the succession rate for IVF is not extremely high, it does give women the best chance of a pregnancy, and also reduces the risks of infertility. IVF is most acceptable and helpful if a woman's fallopian tubes are damaged, or if a man's
This essay will discuss the ways sexuality is gendered and their impacts towards both men and women by exploring the contemporary heterosexual scripts from a sociological perspective on three main aspects; i.e. sex drive, desire and power. It studies how men are deemed to have a higher sexual edge than women, who acts as the relationship gatekeepers. This essay analyses the theory that women predictably pursuits love and relationships while men are more sexually controlled by lusts and cravings. Sexual dominance and passiveness is another traditional script inspected in this essay, focusing on how men are always expected to be the prevailing initiator thus devouring more power in relationships while women stays being the weaker, submissive receivers.
An important scientific argument for IVF is that, by studying fertilization and early embryonic development outside the womb, scientists might learn more about how to prevent certain birth defects (1). This proves that IVF could actually make improvements in medical advances, especially in regards to prenatal care. This is just one example of how IVF can actually be beneficial to the community. The only times that babies are malformed or sick are when the mother puts more than one baby in her uterus. Multiple fetuses increase the chance of birth defects because they have a greater chance of preterm birth, which is associated with long-term health. The long-term illnesses are cerebral palsy, mental illness, and blindness (Reddy 1). With this in mind, having single births is very safe and those babies are still healthy today, just like Sarah and Maggie Marshall’s baby. Single births are also very highly recommended by medical personnel. Going back to the first test tube baby the Browns were expecting, and Steptoe (the doctor) thought that this baby would be a failure. When they did a cesarean on July 25, 1978, a beautiful baby girl was born at 5 pounds and 12 ounces. After the baby was born, the doctor recalled that
Elective sex selection seems to be a little bit more controversial than sex selection for medical use (“Gender Selection of Babies”). The parents select the sex of their baby that they prefer to have for different reasons. One reason being that parents might have planned one raising a boy or girl. Another reason being for family balancing issues (“Gender Selection of Babies”). Without sex selection as an option parents have to keep trying to have babies to get the desired gender they want.
Determining whether to divulge the gender of a child should be a personal choice. Society should not dictate whether one chooses to disclose the sex of their child. At conception, the gender is determined by chromosome characteristics and it will be the male (male semen) that dictates whether the baby will be a boy or girl. Nowhere in any literature that has been read or published that it states that “society” is the determining factor whether a girl or boy will be conceived. Society suggests that knowing the gender is routine, but what may be considered routine for some is not necessarily customary for all. If one chooses to stray away from what is considered to be “normal” it poses or present an issue. Individuals are instantaneously met with opposition or back lash due to nondisclosure of the sex of their child whether it is unborn or born. A typical argument would be as to what color clothing to bring for the unborn or born child, should one bring pink or blu...
The prevalence of sexology literature and scholarship was and remains to be a topic of discourse when questions to the origins of a ‘homosexual’ identity arise. In today’s society, one usually points to the New York City Stonewall Riots in 1969 as the beginning for the recognition of homosexual love and identity. Indeed, this event remains to be an important marker in queer* history, but there are many scholars in various interdisciplinary fields who would instead argue that emergence of homosexuality as an identity stemmed from medical and psychiatric research carried out by German psychiatrists and doctors.
The relationship between sex and gender can be argued in many different lights. All of which complicated lights. Each individual beholds a sexual identity and a gender identity, with the argument of perceiving these identities however way they wish to perceive them. However, the impact of gender on our identities and on our bodies and how they play out is often taken for granted in various ways. Gender issues continue to be a hugely important topic within contemporary modern society. I intend to help the reader understand that femininities and masculinities is a social constructed concept and whether the binary categories of “male” and “female” are adequate concepts for understanding and organising contemporary social life with discussing the experiences of individuals and groups who have resisted these labels and forged new identities.
With every new technology that is born, there must be many questions as to whether this technology is beneficial or harmful as well as analyze who is affects. This especially holds true in dealing with the technology of artificial insemination. With the cultural mainstreaming of artificial insemination, there have been many articles written discussing the ethics of such decisions. Most of these articles are written by feminist authors with the purpose of discussing the impact of this new technology on women and how it affects their roles as mothers in society.