More handpicked essays just for you.
Behaviour of jealousy
Introduction to an essay discussing the role played by jealousy
Introduction to an essay discussing the role played by jealousy
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
When Are Women More Jealous Than Men? Lizeet Caro Dominican University Jealousy is an emotional state that erupts when a valued relationship is being threatened (Buss et al., 1992). Men and women both express jealousy tendencies when they feel their romantic relationships are being threatened. Many researchers have studied sex differences in romantic jealousy to investigate at what particular time do men and women feel the most distressed or jealous. For instance, Bus et al. (1992) and Harris and Christenfeld (1996), found that men feel more distressed when they think their romantic partner is engaging in sexual infidelity, whereas women feel more distressed when they think their romantic partner is emotionally attached to someone else. These findings may be very insightful and useful to many of us who experience jealousy episodes; but importantly, it will allow us to investigate the validity of the evolutionary theory that is used to explain most sex differences. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the evolutionary theory that explains sex differences in jealousy and four related empirical studies. Lastly, I will …show more content…
(1992). SEX DIFFERENCES IN JEAOUSY: Evolution, Physiology, and Psychology. Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 3(4), 252-255. Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Meta-analyses of sex differences in responses to sexual versus emotional infidelity: Men and women are more similar than different.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 36(1), 25-37. Cervone, D., & Pervin, L.A.(2010).Personality:Theory and research (11th ed.).Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. DeSteno, D., Bartlett, M. Y., Braverman, J., & Salovey, P. (2002). Sex differences in jealousy: Evolutionary mechanism or artifact of measurement? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1103-1116. Harris, C. R., & Christenfeld, N. (1996). GENDER, JEALOUSY, REASON. Psychology Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 7(6),
In the research report “Sex Differences in Jealousy: Evolution, Physiology, and Psychology” conducted by Buss, Larsen, Westen, and Semmelroth (1992), the primary purpose of their study is to differentiate the gender differences, particularly in humans. This interest seems to originate from the difference between humans and all of the other animals, whereby paternity is most significant to humans – specifically males. They believe this varies from other animals that can display lowered paternity probability and greater cuckoldry, which stems from female animal’s biological capability of internal female fertilization (251). Hence, females of most species will most certainly know that they are the mother of the off spring, but emotional infidelity from the male partner via spending resources on another female for instance, is a potential consequence experienced by the female giving birth. With men, it differs on the basis of cuckoldry, in the sense that their potential consequence is when their female partner engages in sexual activity with another male – in the animal kingdom it is known as the rival gametes (251). Simply put,
These two clusters of attributes are most commonly seen as mirror images of one another with masculinity usually characterized by dominance and aggression, and femininity by passivity and s...
But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shame and humiliation. For this reason it is generally hidden; if we perceive it we ourselves are ashamed and turn our eyes away; and when it is not hidden it commonly stirs contempt as well as pity. Nor is this all. Such jealousy as Othello’s converts human nature into chaos, and liberates the beast in man; and it does this in relation to one of the most intense and also the most ideal of human feelings. (169)
Shakespeare said it best in regards to the emotion of jealousy, it mocks the person it feeds on. Which means to me, you never win from being jealous. I have had the emotion of jealousy plenty of times just like every other person on this planet. You can be jealous of the nerdy girl because she knows everything, the loud person because
...irections and implications. In a future study, a satisfaction questionnaire could be included to examine a participant’s current marital satisfaction prior to exposure to their condition. A study should be conducted using an older sample of male participants in order to see if results would be different as a result of the decreased levels of testosterone in that age group. In addition, future researchers should consider investigating homosexuality, testosterone, and infidelity. There is no research that address homosexuality, testosterone. and infidelity. As such, future research should explore these aspects. Research dedicated to biological reasons for infidelity is an important and necessary contribution to reduce the worldwide epidemic of divorce. Understanding the effect (effect or affect?) testosterone has on infidelity is another step in this process.
Eagly and Wood. (1999). The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior. American Psychologist, 51(6), 408-432.
In Karen Horney's "The Distrust Between the Sexes," she attempts to explain the problems in the relationships between men and women. She writes that to understand the problem you must first understand that problems stem from a common background. A large amount of suspiciousness is due to people's intensity of emotions.
Most showed that infidelity as erroneous, bad, immoral and many listed sex as one of the features. Other features showed were emotions, wounding, anger, and sadness with reasons of boredom, excitement, unhappiness, lust, bad communication toward endings in divorce, heartbreak, and break-up when analyzing the causes and consequences of infidelity. Tables were displayed with the main features of infidelity, showing correlations between studies, T tests confirmed women provided upper ratings compare to men for both central versus peripheral and versus features. ANOVASs analysis examined gender differences showing women as more central than
Jealousy can sometimes be an inevitable feeling to have towards other people in relationships or even in friendships, and that feeling can negatively affect the bonds with these certain people. One of the main themes in Shakespeare’s Othello, was how friendships and marriages can be ruined all because of one person’s jealousy, which can ring true in real life.
Sexual selection theory suggests that participation in risky behavior should be observed mainly in those individuals who have experienced most intense reproductive competition (Wilson & Daly, 1985). We can see an individual is fighting for a living and even for mates. We have studied in our earlier class that females are soft-hearted and emotional whereas males are strong, bold, and hide their emotion. Seeing the basic characteristics of male as an emotional hider can make him competitive. In some traditional society, if males are not being strong enough to show courage and support his family is regarded as a useless fellow. We can see people who are the warrior are both males and females, but males are preferred. In earlier days, females were
Dainton and Gross (2008) specifically discuss the repercussions that negative behaviors such as jealousy induction may have on relationship maintenance. For instance utilizing negative maintenance behaviors such as jealousy to react to a relationship is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction. This research is tied in with the idea of social support and how individual respond to their partners. Researchers agree that jealousy in relationships can have a negative impact, yet also enhance romantic feelings and satisfaction based on how jealousy is initially communicated (Dainton & Gross, 2008; Yoshimura, 2004). “An essential idea behind this study is that the ways in which jealous individuals communicate their jealousy influence how the target communicatively responds. The results showed that targets of jealousy expressions most strongly respond in the style of the initial expression” (Yoshimura, 2004, p. 95). The way jealousy is expressed initially based on attitude and mood can affect the response of the partner and at shaping and guiding the relat...
This article, “An Examination of Potential Attractions of Women’s Marital Infidelity,” was published in 2014 in The American Journal of Family Therapy. The purpose of the article is to examine the process of infidelity and the steps that women take in order to cheat on their spouses. The question regarding what defines infidelity is widely debated in today’s world, particularly with the growth and use of technology. Because marital infidelity is on the rise, this article serves to examine the reasons that it occurs in order to help solve the problem. Women were interviewed about the process of infidelity and reported that three factors largely influenced their behavior. These factors that contribute to cheating are the developing of an extramarital
There was a time when more smart-conscious decisions were made relating to sexual relationships. In particular, sexual relationships within a marriage. However, times have changed. The pillars that hold up our individual sexual values have started to crumble. It is estimated that two out of three marriages fail due to infidelity. This is a scary statistic considering that people believe a marriage can survive infidelity. This brings us to our first myth: Everyone has affairs.
Sagan, D. (2000). Hormones Determine Gender Traits.Male/female roles: opposing viewpoints (pp. 42-43,46). San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press.