Introduction:
Screwdrivers are very popular among the hand tools which we use in our daily use. But now a days the screwdriver demands hardness and higher torque values for the meeting the requirements and to compete between the manufacturers. For maintaining both torque and hardness in higher level. there are mainly three key factors for the producing the required type of screwdriver : heat treatment, material and machining processing. On the other hand the most famous type of steel used in the manufacturing of the screwdriver bit are Cr-V type of steel, material wise known as SAE6150 steel. The hardness of this material is known to be HRC52 (+ 0r - ,2) and the value of torque is about 180 - 190 kgf.cm. There are different varieties of tips for a screwdriver which include Robertson ,clutch, .Allen and Torx but very standard types of tips are flat, slotted, straight or flared.
Design Aspects of screwdriver:
The designing aspects of a screwdriver consist of a handle and a shaft. The shaft will be made of tough steel in order to prevent twisting or bending while usage. The handle can either be made with wood or rubber also with plastic. Mostly plastic material will be used for making the handle in order for better handling and for safety purpose.
Materials for manufacturing Screwdriver Tip :
Later a new variety of steel material is been used in the industry by the composition of different kinds of steel. The development of this material were used latterly in common for producing hard and high torque screwdriver, most importantly fractures cannot happened in this kind of material. The steel which we were talking about in the beginning was smelted in a high vacuum and forged to the required shape and they are welded in furth...
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... screwdriver which will result in deduction of discrete particles gradually from the material from the contacting surface of the screwdriver.
Improvements that can be made:
In manufacturing the handle we can use injection molding instead of extrusion method. Because extrusion molding method has a limitation in the types of handle it can make. Though extrusion method also can make a selective variety of handles but it will be more cost effective and time affective when compared to injection molding.
Conclusion:
A Screwdriver is a very common tool that is used to loosen or tighten a screw. Manufacturing wise this module (Material Engineering Design) gave us a different view over the materials and the tools which are made out of it. We now understand the manufacturing of things by the prospective of the design, process, assembling and failures that can occur.
Roller screws are accustomed remodel rotary movement into linear movement and the other way around. The bearing components are threaded rollers positioned between the screw and therefore the nut. The massive variety of contact points permits roller screws to support terribly high loads. The roller screw is comparable to the ball screw with the distinction that the load transfer components are threaded rollers. When put next to standard ball screws, have the subsequent advantages: the most advantage of roller screws is that they need an outsized variety of contact points to support the load with higher permissible static and dynamic load capability. Due to the larger variety of contact points the bearing perform is ensured by uniform spreading of load over the threaded rollers rather than balls just in case of ball screws. It's higher mechanics and dynamics in operating condition, generates less vibration and lower noise. The transmission exactitude of PRS is higher and may add a lot of more durable condition. Because to these compensation, a lot of analysis on roller screw has been administrated, and therefore the roller screw has been utilized in the medical, aerospace, military, assembly, Food and drink, Plastics, textiles and machine tools industries.
US Army Correspondence. (2000). METAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERISTICS,. US ARMY REPAIR SHOP TECHNICIAN WARRANT. Retrieved from www.hnsa.org/doc/pdf/metal-properties
This tool has a thin metal sheet or ribbon attached to the handle. The ribbon carves into the material.
Due to the way material is put together additive manufacturing is currently unable to produce parts with rounded contours and smooth surface finish. Because parts are built up in discrete layers, there will be a “staircase effect” for curved or sloped profiles. Parts then require further processing if a smooth surface finish is required. Also, depending on the
The element diffusion from the tool through the tool-chip interface leads to composition change of tool substrate, which may increase the possibility of mechanical damage of the cutting edge also the high strength of titanium at elevated temperature contributes to the high compressive stresses ...
The program consists of precise instructions about the methodology of manufacture as well as movements. For example, what tool is to be used, at what speed, at what feed and to move from which point to which point in what path. Since the program is the controlling point for product manufacture, the machine becomes versatile and can be used for any part. All the functions of a NC machine tool are therefore controlled electronically, hydraulically or pneumatically. In NC machine tools, one or more of the following functions may be automatic.bhk
Four brass wedges were tested. Two were cold rolled to a thickness of 5.0 mm and two were cold rolled to a thickness of 2.5 mm. One wedge of each thickness was then annealed for 1 hour at 350 °C. Because the wedges varied in thickness across the length, multiple cold work values were able to be recorded. Hardness and thickness measurements were taken before and after the cold rolling and after the annealing as shown in Figure 1. Generally, as cold work increased, hardness increased.
James’s The Turn of the Screw allows the reader to manoeuvre the story page by page on two different levels. The narrative provides an unsurpassed prospect to read in a split fashion, due to this the reader has the freedom to shift from ghostly story to character study. However, even though the reader is free to alternate from one interpretation to the other, as one advances further into the narrative, each version develops more horrifying stature than the former. With this gruesomeness building, the lovely Bly country house credibly disappears. The house, that at the beginning of the story brought beauty and sweetness into the hearts of the readers, peels off like rotting flesh from the skull of a corpse. This new, infernal landscape is made up of bones and stones, with a lavish amount of spaces to run, but unfortunately no place to hide.
The micro hardness of the prepared samples were obtained by using a Vickers Micro hardness Tester (Model : Leco LV 700, USA). 5 readings were taken for each sample to calculate the average hardness. An indentation load of 5gf was used. After calculating the average hardness for each sample, mean variance and standard deviation (S.D.) was calculated to check the consistency of the data.
The inefficiencies and the problems involved in making steels in the traditional form of ingots are alleviated by the continuous-casting process, which produces higher quality steels at reduced costs. Conceived in the 1860s, continuous or strand casting was first developed for casting nonferrous metal strips. The process now is used widely for steel production, with major productivity improvements and cost reductions.
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that involves joining of metals without fusion or filler materials. The frictional heat is produced by a rapid rotating non-consumable high strength tool pin that extends from a cylindrical shoulder. In this paper 6mm, thick copper and bronze plates are friction stir welded at different tool rotational speeds of 800, 1000 and 1200 RPM, with a constant travel speed of 40 mm/min and an axial force of 10 kN. Tests like Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microhardness is done to identify the metallographies studies. The friction stir welding experiments are carried out with the transverse speed of 40 mm/min of the tool. Vickers hardness test, microstructure
Today's injection molds use much the same process and produce a wide variety of products from car panels to outdoor furniture, small toys and tools. Injection molding is ubiquitous
For several tasks, it is available with drill bits which are quite helpful in screw driving and space mission applications. It is fitted with electrical motor that can drill a hole in the object by moving the bit in a rotating mode. It can work in a variable speed and easy to adjust in accordance to the requirements of the task and comfort of the skill worker. These days cordless drill accessories are used frequently than common drill accessories. The reason of using cordless drill accessories is that they contain battery fitted in the hand...
We started our exploration by leading a general scan for screwdriver sets. There are several brands and set blends making it basic to limit the rundown in view of nature of the item, unwavering quality of the brand, solidness, accessible screwdriver sizes, conveying limit, nature of the hold, and consumer loyalty. This empowered us to limit the rundown to a littler gathering to be tried.
Machine tools are the machines which are used to provide special shape and form to the material by different machining operations. There are different kinds of machines tools that are available and can be used for different machining operation. In today’s era, productivity and accuracy are the two most important point of concern for any manufacturing industry. There are various natural and human made forms of error that reduces the machine accuracy which led to loss of productivity, efficiency, setup time and loss of money. [1]